【摘要】：1915年的“國體”討論是民國史上的重大事件，以往學(xué)者論及此事大多寥寥穿插于對袁世凱稱帝的事件研究及對古德諾、楊度、梁啟超等人的思想研究上，而對“國體”討論本身的專門研究卻極少。本文通過對新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些檔案史料和文獻(xiàn)的梳理，首先對此次討論的歷史原因進(jìn)行了分析，，同時(shí)對討論發(fā)生發(fā)展的全面過程進(jìn)行論述。然后就“國體”討論的學(xué)理基礎(chǔ)，如“國體”“政體”的區(qū)別、“國體”討論的合法性等問題一一進(jìn)行了分析和闡述。在此基礎(chǔ)上，對“國體”討論的兩方，君主論者和共和論者的組成派別、主要觀點(diǎn)及學(xué)理、事實(shí)依據(jù)等分別作了著重論述，從不同角度呈現(xiàn)出二者在“國體”問題上的不同立場和看法。最后對此次討論的特點(diǎn)和歷史意義作概括總結(jié)。筆者認(rèn)為，1915年“國體”討論是歷史必然性和偶然性的一次結(jié)合，它沒有按人們預(yù)期的態(tài)勢發(fā)展，但討論本身所引發(fā)的對共和及憲政的深刻思考，及其體現(xiàn)出來的學(xué)術(shù)性、教育性及對后來憲政改革的借鑒意義值得我們充分肯定。
[Abstract]:The discussion of "national style" in 1915 was an important event in the history of the Republic of China. In the past, most scholars discussed this matter only in the study of Yuan Shikai's reign as emperor and in the study of Gudeno, Yang du, Liang Qichao, etc. However, there is little special research on the discussion of the "national system" itself. By combing some newly discovered archival historical materials and documents, this paper first analyzes the historical reasons of this discussion, and at the same time discusses the overall process of the development of the discussion. Then the theoretical basis of the discussion of "state system", such as the distinction of "state system" and "regime", the legitimacy of "state system" discussion and so on, are analyzed and expounded one by one. On this basis, the two parties, the monarchists and the Republicans, the main viewpoints and theories, and the factual basis of the discussion of the "state system" are discussed respectively. From different angles, they present their different positions and views on the issue of "national system". Finally, the characteristics and historical significance of this discussion are summarized. The author thinks that the discussion of "national system" in 1915 is a combination of historical inevitability and contingency. It does not develop according to the expected situation of people, but the discussion itself leads to profound thinking on the republic and constitutionalism, and its academic nature. The educational nature and the reference significance to the later constitutional reform are worthy of our full recognition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K258.3

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