偽滿洲國(guó)成立前后《滿洲日?qǐng)?bào)》社論研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-04 10:14
【摘要】：《滿洲日?qǐng)?bào)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《滿日》)是日本人在中國(guó)東北地區(qū)創(chuàng)辦的日文報(bào)紙。該報(bào)言論不僅深刻地影響著居住在東北地區(qū)的日本居民,同時(shí)也通過(guò)歐美外交官以及新聞工作者,在向國(guó)際社會(huì)宣傳日本的侵略政策以及行為的正當(dāng)性方面有著極為重要的作用。 《滿日》創(chuàng)刊于1907年11月,由南滿洲鐵道株式會(huì)社(以下簡(jiǎn)稱滿鐵)經(jīng)辦,1945年9月�？�。該報(bào)歷史綿延將近40年,歷經(jīng)了從“九·一八事變”到二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束的完整過(guò)程。同時(shí)該報(bào)也是戰(zhàn)前中國(guó)東北地區(qū)發(fā)行量最多的日文報(bào)紙,并以其雄厚的資金實(shí)力對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)東北地區(qū)的絕大多數(shù)報(bào)紙進(jìn)行合并或收購(gòu),直接或間接地參與了東北地區(qū)的報(bào)紙經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng),可謂當(dāng)時(shí)東北地區(qū)影響力最大的日文報(bào)紙,基本上可以代表日本人經(jīng)營(yíng)下的日文報(bào)紙的報(bào)道傾向。 因此,探討《滿日》的社論傾向,不僅對(duì)中日兩國(guó)的新聞史研究有著極為重要的意義,也十分有助于從側(cè)面探究日本殖民地統(tǒng)治的真相。 通過(guò)梳理現(xiàn)有的研究成果可以發(fā)現(xiàn),中日兩國(guó)的相關(guān)研究大多從其創(chuàng)刊背景、報(bào)社運(yùn)營(yíng)等方面入手,將該報(bào)的發(fā)展史作為論述重點(diǎn)。而對(duì)于《滿日》的社論研究則多集中于“九·一八事變”前后。先行研究指出,雖然自該報(bào)成立以來(lái)至“九.一八事變”爆發(fā)前后,其社論中存在著一定的“客觀批判精神”(佐藤勝矢、《對(duì)滿洲事變勃發(fā)前后的滿洲日?qǐng)?bào)的考察、日本大學(xué)大學(xué)院綜合社會(huì)情報(bào)研究科紀(jì)要、2009年),但是由于關(guān)東軍在事變之后加強(qiáng)了對(duì)中國(guó)東北地區(qū)的新聞管制,使得該報(bào)徹底淪為關(guān)東軍的御用報(bào)紙。而先行研究中關(guān)于該報(bào)“九一八事變”爆發(fā)之后的社論研究較少,因此可以說(shuō)這一結(jié)論缺乏相關(guān)事實(shí)依據(jù)的支持。 本文為探究“九·一八事變”之后《滿日》的主張與政治取向,主要選取“九·八事變”爆發(fā)之后到日本退出國(guó)際聯(lián)盟這一時(shí)間段的《滿日》社論進(jìn)行分析。在這一時(shí)期,日本在中國(guó)東北地區(qū)成立了傀儡政權(quán)“滿洲國(guó)”,同時(shí)接受國(guó)際聯(lián)盟調(diào)查團(tuán)的實(shí)地考查。由于國(guó)際聯(lián)盟調(diào)查團(tuán)否認(rèn)日本發(fā)動(dòng)的“九·一八事變”是“合法自衛(wèi)”,確認(rèn)偽滿洲國(guó)是日本違背東北人民意愿而強(qiáng)力炮制的工具,日本于1933年3月27日退出了國(guó)際聯(lián)盟,從此走上了軍國(guó)主義的擴(kuò)張道路。 由此可以看出,《滿日》在這一年半的時(shí)期里關(guān)于日本侵略政策及行為的相關(guān)社論最能體現(xiàn)出其作為宣傳機(jī)構(gòu)的作用。本文主要在先行研究的基礎(chǔ)上,參考中日兩國(guó)的研究資料,通過(guò)實(shí)證分析探究《滿日》對(duì)日本侵略政策及其行為的態(tài)度。 本文由緒論、主體和結(jié)論三部分構(gòu)成。緒論就國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界近年來(lái)對(duì)本課題的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了較為全面的梳理,提出了本課題的研究意義、研究方法和學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。主體部分的主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一章主要剖析了《滿日》創(chuàng)刊時(shí)的客觀歷史背景以及該報(bào)與滿鐵、日本關(guān)東軍的關(guān)系變遷。通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),該報(bào)在創(chuàng)刊初期就與滿鐵有著極為密切的關(guān)系,而這一密切關(guān)系,在1913年滿鐵收購(gòu)了其82%的股份之后得到了進(jìn)一步的提升。但是由于“九.一八事變”之后關(guān)東軍在中國(guó)東北地區(qū)的勢(shì)力不斷增強(qiáng),其逐漸加強(qiáng)了對(duì)新聞報(bào)道的管制。由此可以推測(cè)出,以“九·一八”事變?yōu)榻?一直作為滿鐵機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)的《滿日》不可避免地開始受到關(guān)東軍的政策影響。 傀儡政權(quán)“滿洲國(guó)”成立之后,如何宣傳其成立的合理性成為了關(guān)東軍的重要課題。因此第二章主要分三節(jié)考察了《滿日》在這一時(shí)期如何利用新聞報(bào)刊的優(yōu)勢(shì),積極配合關(guān)東軍宣傳偽滿洲國(guó)成立的合理性。 在第一節(jié)中,主要介紹該報(bào)不惜捏造歷史,極力宣傳“滿洲地區(qū)”的特殊性以及“滿日不可分”理論,強(qiáng)調(diào)偽滿洲國(guó)的成立并不涉及領(lǐng)土問(wèn)題,并且極力渲染中國(guó)政局的混亂,抨擊原東北地區(qū)政府,宣稱偽滿洲國(guó)的建立是東北地區(qū)人民的選擇。 第二節(jié)和第三節(jié)則主要探究該報(bào)如何大篇幅宣傳“王道政治”及“民族協(xié)和”觀念,標(biāo)榜偽滿洲國(guó)的統(tǒng)治理念。首先該報(bào)對(duì)比西歐思想以及三民主義,宣傳“王道政治”的優(yōu)越性,其次通過(guò)極力宣傳偽滿洲國(guó)施行“仁政”,企圖為其樹立正面形象。同時(shí),還以大量篇幅介紹了“民族協(xié)和”觀念,并通過(guò)對(duì)偽滿協(xié)和會(huì)及其活動(dòng)的高度贊揚(yáng),強(qiáng)調(diào)“民族協(xié)和”政策的實(shí)施不僅與東北民眾息息相關(guān),還有利于整個(gè)東亞的和平�？傊�,在這一時(shí)期,《滿日》為配合關(guān)東軍的侵略政策,通過(guò)標(biāo)榜偽滿洲國(guó)的治國(guó)理論“王道政治”及“民族協(xié)和”,妄圖證明其成立的合理性。 第三章以《滿日》對(duì)國(guó)際聯(lián)盟調(diào)查團(tuán)、調(diào)查報(bào)告書以及日本退出國(guó)際聯(lián)盟所表現(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn)和政治取向?yàn)榻馕龅某霭l(fā)點(diǎn),在與日本國(guó)內(nèi)報(bào)紙相關(guān)社論進(jìn)行比較的同時(shí),考察了該報(bào)在這一時(shí)期的社論論調(diào)。在第一節(jié)中主要分析了該報(bào)對(duì)聯(lián)盟調(diào)查團(tuán)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。在調(diào)查團(tuán)進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查的初期,該報(bào)表現(xiàn)出了一定的期待,這種期待實(shí)質(zhì)上是為了配合關(guān)東軍以及日本外務(wù)省的戰(zhàn)略方針,意圖利用調(diào)查團(tuán)獲得國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)偽滿洲國(guó)的承認(rèn)。但是在獲知調(diào)查團(tuán)的調(diào)查結(jié)果不利于日本之后,該報(bào)對(duì)調(diào)查團(tuán)的態(tài)度有明顯改變,開始表現(xiàn)出懷疑甚至批判的態(tài)度。 第二節(jié)主要探討了其對(duì)調(diào)查團(tuán)報(bào)告書的評(píng)價(jià)。與日本國(guó)內(nèi)報(bào)紙一邊倒的批判態(tài)勢(shì)相比,該報(bào)對(duì)于報(bào)告書中明確指出中國(guó)東北地區(qū)不可恢復(fù)到“九·一八事變”之前狀態(tài)這一點(diǎn)給予了肯定。但是基本態(tài)度還是與日本國(guó)內(nèi)報(bào)紙保持一致,主要持批判態(tài)度。 在第三節(jié)中主要探討了該報(bào)對(duì)于日本退出國(guó)際聯(lián)盟這一問(wèn)題上的基本態(tài)度。通過(guò)分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn),該報(bào)在日本國(guó)內(nèi)就是否應(yīng)退出國(guó)際聯(lián)盟尚未達(dá)到一致之時(shí),就已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先日本國(guó)內(nèi)大多數(shù)報(bào)紙,在1932年3月的社論中指出如果國(guó)際聯(lián)盟不予以承認(rèn)偽滿洲國(guó),則支持日本退出國(guó)際聯(lián)盟,積極配合關(guān)東軍展開退出國(guó)際聯(lián)盟的相關(guān)宣傳。 由以上分析可知,該報(bào)雖然在1932年3月的社論中就表明了支持日本退出國(guó)際聯(lián)盟的態(tài)度,但是在調(diào)查團(tuán)的調(diào)查初期仍然對(duì)其表示了一定的期待。這看似矛盾的-點(diǎn)正說(shuō)明了該報(bào)深受關(guān)東軍政策影響,積極配合展開輿論宣傳。 通過(guò)對(duì)“九·一八事變”發(fā)生之后到日本退出國(guó)際聯(lián)盟這一時(shí)期《滿日》的社論研究,可以看出該報(bào)積極配合關(guān)東軍軍事侵略的步伐,開展殖民宣傳活動(dòng)。雖然先行研究指出《滿日》自成立以來(lái)至“九·一八事變”爆發(fā)前后,該報(bào)的社論也出現(xiàn)過(guò)與日本國(guó)策相悖,堅(jiān)持自身獨(dú)立主張的一面。但通過(guò)本文的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),“九·一八事變”之后,該報(bào)緊隨關(guān)東軍的侵略步伐,在鞏固偽滿政權(quán),配合日本殖民擴(kuò)張方面,始終竭盡全力展開宣傳,徹底淪為關(guān)東局的御用新聞。
[Abstract]:Manchuria Daily is a Japanese newspaper founded by the Japanese in northeastern China. Its remarks not only profoundly affect Japanese residents living in northeastern China, but also, through European and American diplomats and journalists, publicize Japan's aggressive policies and legitimacy to the international community. Extremely important role.
Manchuria Railway Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Manchuria Railway Corporation) started its publication in November 1907 and closed its publication in September 1945. The newspaper has a history of nearly 40 years. It has undergone a complete process from the September 18th Incident to the end of World War II. It is also the Japanese newspaper with the largest circulation in Northeast China before World War II and has a strong fund. Most of the newspapers in Northeast China were merged or purchased, and they directly or indirectly participated in the newspaper business activities in Northeast China. They were the most influential Japanese newspapers in Northeast China at that time, and basically represented the tendency of Japanese newspapers under Japanese management.
Therefore, it is of great significance not only to study the news history of China and Japan, but also to explore the truth of Japanese colonial rule.
Through combing the existing research results, we can find that most of the relevant studies in China and Japan start from the background of its publication, newspaper operation and other aspects, and focus on the development history of the newspaper. Before and after the 18th Incident, there was a certain "objective critical spirit" in the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials. The newspaper has been reduced to the imperial newspaper of the Kwangtung Army. However, the editorial research on the newspaper after the September 18th Incident in the previous study is less, so it can be said that this conclusion lacks the support of relevant facts.
In order to explore the opinions and political orientation of Manchuria after the September 18th Incident, this paper mainly analyzes the editorials of Manchuria during the period from the outbreak of the September 18th Incident to Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations. Because the League of Nations investigation mission denied that the September 18th Incident launched by Japan was a "legitimate self-defense" and affirmed that the puppet Manchukuo was a powerful tool for Japan to concoct against the wishes of the Northeast people, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations on 27 March 1933 and embarked on the road of militaristic expansion.
It can be seen from this that the editorials on Japanese aggression policy and behavior in the period of one and a half years can best reflect its role as a propaganda agency.
This paper consists of three parts: introduction, subject and conclusion. The introduction gives a comprehensive review of the current research situation of this subject in the academic circles at home and abroad in recent years, and puts forward the research significance, research methods and academic value of this subject.
The first chapter mainly analyzes the objective historical background when Manchuria Railway was first published and the changes of its relationship with Manchuria Railway and the Japanese Guandong Army. Since the September 18th Incident, the influence of the Guandong Army in Northeast China has been strengthened, and the control over news reports has been gradually strengthened. It can be inferred that the Manchurian Railway Bureau's "Manchuria" newspaper, bounded by the September 18th Incident, inevitably began to be influenced by the policy of the Guandong Army.
After the establishment of the puppet regime Manchukuo, how to propagate the rationality of its establishment has become an important issue for the Guandong Army. Therefore, the second chapter is divided into three sections to examine how Manchukuo made use of the advantages of the newspapers and periodicals to actively cooperate with the Guandong Army in propagating the rationality of the establishment of the puppet Manchukuo.
In the first section, the newspaper mainly introduces the particularity of Manchuria and the theory that Manchuria is inseparable from the sun. It emphasizes that the establishment of the puppet Manchuria does not involve territorial issues, and tries to exaggerate the chaos of China's political situation, attacking the government of the former Northeast China, and declares that the establishment of the puppet Manchuria is the people of the Northeast China. The choice.
The second and third sections mainly explore how the newspaper publicizes the idea of "kingly politics" and "national harmony" in a large amount, and flaunts the ruling idea of the puppet Manchukuo. At the same time, it also introduces the concept of "national harmony" in a large number of pages, and emphasizes that the implementation of the policy of "national harmony" is not only closely related to the people of Northeast China, but also conducive to the peace of East Asia as a whole. By flaunting the theory of "kingly politics" and "national harmony" of the puppet Manchukuo state, he tried to prove the rationality of its establishment.
In the third chapter, based on the analysis of the opinion and political orientation of the investigation mission of the League of Nations, the report of the investigation, and the withdrawal of Japan from the League of Nations, the author compares the editorials of the Japanese domestic newspapers and examines the editorials of the newspapers in this period. At the beginning of the investigation, the report showed some expectations, which were essentially in line with the strategic principles of the Kwantung Army and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and intended to use the mission to gain international recognition of the puppet Manchukuo. However, it was unfavorable for Japan to learn the findings of the investigation. After that, the newspaper's attitude towards the investigation group changed significantly and began to show a skeptical or even critical attitude.
Compared with the one-sided criticism of Japanese domestic newspapers, the newspaper affirmed that northeast China could not be restored to its pre-September 18th Incident state. The main reason is critical attitude.
In the third section, the author mainly discusses the basic attitude of the newspaper on Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations. Through analysis, it can be found that the newspaper has already taken the lead in most Japanese newspapers before reaching agreement on whether Japan should withdraw from the League of Nations. In an editorial in March 1932, the newspaper pointed out that if the League did not do so. In recognition of the puppet Manchukuo, Japan was supported to withdraw from the League of Nations and actively cooperated with the Kwangtung Army in launching the propaganda of withdrawing from the League.
From the above analysis, we can see that although the newspaper expressed its support for Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations in its March 1932 editorial, it still expressed certain expectations at the beginning of the investigation mission.
Through the editorial study of Manchuria during the period from September 18th Incident to Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations, we can see that the newspaper actively cooperated with the pace of military aggression by the Guandong Army and carried out colonial propaganda activities. However, after the September 18th Incident, the newspaper, following the pace of aggression by the Kwantung Army, made every effort to publicize the puppet Manchukuo regime and cooperated with the Japanese colonial expansion, and became the imperial news of the Kwantung Bureau thoroughly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：K265.61
本文編號(hào)：2221786
[Abstract]:Manchuria Daily is a Japanese newspaper founded by the Japanese in northeastern China. Its remarks not only profoundly affect Japanese residents living in northeastern China, but also, through European and American diplomats and journalists, publicize Japan's aggressive policies and legitimacy to the international community. Extremely important role.
Manchuria Railway Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Manchuria Railway Corporation) started its publication in November 1907 and closed its publication in September 1945. The newspaper has a history of nearly 40 years. It has undergone a complete process from the September 18th Incident to the end of World War II. It is also the Japanese newspaper with the largest circulation in Northeast China before World War II and has a strong fund. Most of the newspapers in Northeast China were merged or purchased, and they directly or indirectly participated in the newspaper business activities in Northeast China. They were the most influential Japanese newspapers in Northeast China at that time, and basically represented the tendency of Japanese newspapers under Japanese management.
Therefore, it is of great significance not only to study the news history of China and Japan, but also to explore the truth of Japanese colonial rule.
Through combing the existing research results, we can find that most of the relevant studies in China and Japan start from the background of its publication, newspaper operation and other aspects, and focus on the development history of the newspaper. Before and after the 18th Incident, there was a certain "objective critical spirit" in the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials. The newspaper has been reduced to the imperial newspaper of the Kwangtung Army. However, the editorial research on the newspaper after the September 18th Incident in the previous study is less, so it can be said that this conclusion lacks the support of relevant facts.
In order to explore the opinions and political orientation of Manchuria after the September 18th Incident, this paper mainly analyzes the editorials of Manchuria during the period from the outbreak of the September 18th Incident to Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations. Because the League of Nations investigation mission denied that the September 18th Incident launched by Japan was a "legitimate self-defense" and affirmed that the puppet Manchukuo was a powerful tool for Japan to concoct against the wishes of the Northeast people, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations on 27 March 1933 and embarked on the road of militaristic expansion.
It can be seen from this that the editorials on Japanese aggression policy and behavior in the period of one and a half years can best reflect its role as a propaganda agency.
This paper consists of three parts: introduction, subject and conclusion. The introduction gives a comprehensive review of the current research situation of this subject in the academic circles at home and abroad in recent years, and puts forward the research significance, research methods and academic value of this subject.
The first chapter mainly analyzes the objective historical background when Manchuria Railway was first published and the changes of its relationship with Manchuria Railway and the Japanese Guandong Army. Since the September 18th Incident, the influence of the Guandong Army in Northeast China has been strengthened, and the control over news reports has been gradually strengthened. It can be inferred that the Manchurian Railway Bureau's "Manchuria" newspaper, bounded by the September 18th Incident, inevitably began to be influenced by the policy of the Guandong Army.
After the establishment of the puppet regime Manchukuo, how to propagate the rationality of its establishment has become an important issue for the Guandong Army. Therefore, the second chapter is divided into three sections to examine how Manchukuo made use of the advantages of the newspapers and periodicals to actively cooperate with the Guandong Army in propagating the rationality of the establishment of the puppet Manchukuo.
In the first section, the newspaper mainly introduces the particularity of Manchuria and the theory that Manchuria is inseparable from the sun. It emphasizes that the establishment of the puppet Manchuria does not involve territorial issues, and tries to exaggerate the chaos of China's political situation, attacking the government of the former Northeast China, and declares that the establishment of the puppet Manchuria is the people of the Northeast China. The choice.
The second and third sections mainly explore how the newspaper publicizes the idea of "kingly politics" and "national harmony" in a large amount, and flaunts the ruling idea of the puppet Manchukuo. At the same time, it also introduces the concept of "national harmony" in a large number of pages, and emphasizes that the implementation of the policy of "national harmony" is not only closely related to the people of Northeast China, but also conducive to the peace of East Asia as a whole. By flaunting the theory of "kingly politics" and "national harmony" of the puppet Manchukuo state, he tried to prove the rationality of its establishment.
In the third chapter, based on the analysis of the opinion and political orientation of the investigation mission of the League of Nations, the report of the investigation, and the withdrawal of Japan from the League of Nations, the author compares the editorials of the Japanese domestic newspapers and examines the editorials of the newspapers in this period. At the beginning of the investigation, the report showed some expectations, which were essentially in line with the strategic principles of the Kwantung Army and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and intended to use the mission to gain international recognition of the puppet Manchukuo. However, it was unfavorable for Japan to learn the findings of the investigation. After that, the newspaper's attitude towards the investigation group changed significantly and began to show a skeptical or even critical attitude.
Compared with the one-sided criticism of Japanese domestic newspapers, the newspaper affirmed that northeast China could not be restored to its pre-September 18th Incident state. The main reason is critical attitude.
In the third section, the author mainly discusses the basic attitude of the newspaper on Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations. Through analysis, it can be found that the newspaper has already taken the lead in most Japanese newspapers before reaching agreement on whether Japan should withdraw from the League of Nations. In an editorial in March 1932, the newspaper pointed out that if the League did not do so. In recognition of the puppet Manchukuo, Japan was supported to withdraw from the League of Nations and actively cooperated with the Kwangtung Army in launching the propaganda of withdrawing from the League.
From the above analysis, we can see that although the newspaper expressed its support for Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations in its March 1932 editorial, it still expressed certain expectations at the beginning of the investigation mission.
Through the editorial study of Manchuria during the period from September 18th Incident to Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations, we can see that the newspaper actively cooperated with the pace of military aggression by the Guandong Army and carried out colonial propaganda activities. However, after the September 18th Incident, the newspaper, following the pace of aggression by the Kwantung Army, made every effort to publicize the puppet Manchukuo regime and cooperated with the Japanese colonial expansion, and became the imperial news of the Kwantung Bureau thoroughly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：K265.61
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