20世紀50年代安徽掃盲運動
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-20 08:04
【摘要】：20世紀50年代安徽的掃盲運動,是一場范圍廣、時間長、規(guī)模大的群眾性文化運動,它的出現(xiàn)是當時全國掃盲運動大背景下的地方性行為。鑒于建國初期全國落后的文化狀況和社會主義建設(shè)的客觀需要,為了建設(shè)新安徽和滿足廣大工農(nóng)群眾和干部對文化知識的迫切需要,在黨中央掃盲政策的指導下,安徽省委和省政府高度重視20世紀50年代在安徽開展的掃盲運動。通過廣泛宣傳、充分動員,良好、協(xié)調(diào)的組織管理,規(guī)范、適用的教學方式,靈活、多樣的掃盲形式,以群眾運動的方式推動掃盲運動的順利發(fā)展,來解決人民群眾文化素質(zhì)低下這一社會問題,為社會主義經(jīng)濟建設(shè)提供有效的人力資源。十年來安徽掃盲運動經(jīng)歷了三個發(fā)展階段。1949年——1955年是掃盲運動的第一階段,在這一階段掃盲運動在全省各地初步展開,并對農(nóng)民、工人和干部掃盲情況分別進行介紹。1956年——1957年是掃盲運動的第二階段,在這一階段安徽掃盲運動在全國掃盲大勢的推動下走向高潮,出現(xiàn)了多樣化的掃盲形式,掃盲成績顯著。1958年——1959年是掃盲運動的第三階段,在“大躍進”的推動下,掃盲運動達到高潮,但同時也因為冒進、不切實際和只注重數(shù)字不考慮質(zhì)量的躍進,導致掃盲運動名盛實衰,走向沒落。經(jīng)過建國初十年來的掃盲,脫盲人數(shù)顯著增加,文教機構(gòu)增多,辦學層次由低到高逐步發(fā)展,全省文化狀況總體上得到改善,掃盲運動取得了很大的成績。黨和人民群眾在開展掃盲運動實踐的基礎(chǔ)上積累了諸如堅持黨的領(lǐng)導；廣泛宣傳動員,走群眾路線；重視典型示范作用；注重掃盲師資隊伍和教學工作建設(shè)等經(jīng)驗。安徽掃盲運動在積累經(jīng)驗的同時,也存在一些問題,主要是任務(wù)要求上的高計劃、高指標,操之過急、脫離實際的傾向,長期未能擺脫；工作作風上的大轟大嗡、浮而不實的傾向,長期未能克服。從而影響了各級掃盲工作大都不同程度地存在著名不副實的質(zhì)量缺陷,不利于運動的鞏固和發(fā)展。如工作中的“強迫命令”作風盛行,違反了自愿的原則；掃盲師資力量不穩(wěn)定,影響冬學和民校的鞏固。安徽掃盲運動也給新世紀的成人教育以重要的啟示和借鑒。我們應(yīng)該在調(diào)整掃盲策略的基礎(chǔ)上,開展長期的掃盲工作,尊重掃盲教育的特殊規(guī)律,同時注意其功能的改變,做到與時俱進,才能推動掃盲教育取得新的突破。
[Abstract]:The literacy movement in Anhui in the 1950s was a mass cultural movement with a wide range, a long time and a large scale. Its emergence was a local action under the background of the national literacy movement at that time. In view of the backward national cultural situation and the objective needs of socialist construction in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to build new Anhui and to meet the urgent needs of the broad masses of workers, peasants and cadres for cultural knowledge, under the guidance of the Party Central Committee's literacy policy, Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government attached great importance to the literacy campaign in Anhui in the 1950's. Through extensive publicity, full mobilization, good and coordinated organization and management, standardization, applicable teaching methods, flexible and diverse forms of literacy, the smooth development of the literacy campaign can be promoted by means of mass movements. To solve the social problem of the low cultural quality of the people and provide effective human resources for the socialist economic construction. The literacy movement in Anhui Province has undergone three stages of development over the past decade. 1949-1955 was the first stage of the literacy campaign, in which the literacy campaign was initially launched throughout the province and addressed to the peasants. The literacy situation of workers and cadres was introduced separately. 1956-1957 was the second stage of the literacy campaign. In this stage, the literacy campaign in Anhui, driven by the general trend of literacy throughout the country, reached its climax, resulting in diversified forms of literacy. Remarkable achievements in literacy. 1958-1959 was the third phase of the literacy campaign, which culminated in the "Great Leap forward", but also because of the leap forward, which was rash, unrealistic and focused on numbers regardless of quality. Leading to literacy campaigns, the name of prosperity and decline, to decline. After the first ten years of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the number of literate people has increased significantly, the number of cultural and educational institutions has increased, the level of running schools has gradually developed from low to high, the cultural situation of the whole province has been improved overall, and the literacy campaign has made great achievements. On the basis of the practice of carrying out the literacy campaign, the Party and the people have accumulated experiences such as adhering to the leadership of the Party, widely propagating and mobilizing, following the mass line, attaching importance to the role of typical demonstration, and paying attention to the construction of literacy teachers and teaching work. While the literacy campaign in Anhui has accumulated experience, there are also some problems. The main problems are high planning, high targets, excessive haste and deviating from reality in the task requirements. They have not been able to get rid of it for a long time, and the work style is booming. The tendency of floating and false has not been overcome for a long time. Therefore, most of the literacy work at all levels are affected by the false quality defects, which is not conducive to the consolidation and development of the movement. For example, the "compulsive command" style in the work is prevalent, which violates the voluntary principle, and the instability of literacy teachers affects the consolidation of winter school and civilian school. Anhui literacy movement also gives the adult education of the new century with important enlightenment and reference. On the basis of adjusting the literacy strategy, we should carry out long-term literacy work, respect the special rules of literacy education, pay attention to the change of its function, and keep pace with the times so as to promote literacy education to make a new breakthrough.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K27
本文編號：2192955
[Abstract]:The literacy movement in Anhui in the 1950s was a mass cultural movement with a wide range, a long time and a large scale. Its emergence was a local action under the background of the national literacy movement at that time. In view of the backward national cultural situation and the objective needs of socialist construction in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to build new Anhui and to meet the urgent needs of the broad masses of workers, peasants and cadres for cultural knowledge, under the guidance of the Party Central Committee's literacy policy, Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government attached great importance to the literacy campaign in Anhui in the 1950's. Through extensive publicity, full mobilization, good and coordinated organization and management, standardization, applicable teaching methods, flexible and diverse forms of literacy, the smooth development of the literacy campaign can be promoted by means of mass movements. To solve the social problem of the low cultural quality of the people and provide effective human resources for the socialist economic construction. The literacy movement in Anhui Province has undergone three stages of development over the past decade. 1949-1955 was the first stage of the literacy campaign, in which the literacy campaign was initially launched throughout the province and addressed to the peasants. The literacy situation of workers and cadres was introduced separately. 1956-1957 was the second stage of the literacy campaign. In this stage, the literacy campaign in Anhui, driven by the general trend of literacy throughout the country, reached its climax, resulting in diversified forms of literacy. Remarkable achievements in literacy. 1958-1959 was the third phase of the literacy campaign, which culminated in the "Great Leap forward", but also because of the leap forward, which was rash, unrealistic and focused on numbers regardless of quality. Leading to literacy campaigns, the name of prosperity and decline, to decline. After the first ten years of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the number of literate people has increased significantly, the number of cultural and educational institutions has increased, the level of running schools has gradually developed from low to high, the cultural situation of the whole province has been improved overall, and the literacy campaign has made great achievements. On the basis of the practice of carrying out the literacy campaign, the Party and the people have accumulated experiences such as adhering to the leadership of the Party, widely propagating and mobilizing, following the mass line, attaching importance to the role of typical demonstration, and paying attention to the construction of literacy teachers and teaching work. While the literacy campaign in Anhui has accumulated experience, there are also some problems. The main problems are high planning, high targets, excessive haste and deviating from reality in the task requirements. They have not been able to get rid of it for a long time, and the work style is booming. The tendency of floating and false has not been overcome for a long time. Therefore, most of the literacy work at all levels are affected by the false quality defects, which is not conducive to the consolidation and development of the movement. For example, the "compulsive command" style in the work is prevalent, which violates the voluntary principle, and the instability of literacy teachers affects the consolidation of winter school and civilian school. Anhui literacy movement also gives the adult education of the new century with important enlightenment and reference. On the basis of adjusting the literacy strategy, we should carry out long-term literacy work, respect the special rules of literacy education, pay attention to the change of its function, and keep pace with the times so as to promote literacy education to make a new breakthrough.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K27
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