杯酒之間：1906年南昌教案的敘事、考證與詮釋
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-12 20:04
【摘要】： 1906年2月22日,江西省南昌縣知縣江召棠應(yīng)法國教士王安之之邀到法國天主堂赴宴,結(jié)果咽喉被利刃所傷,一周后身死。江召棠受傷三日后憤怒的民眾焚燒了天主堂和天主教開辦的法文學(xué)堂,殺死教士王安之和五位學(xué)堂教習(xí),并累及英國新教教士金傳安一家三口死于非命,這就是轟動一時的南昌教案。南昌教案是晚清最后一個重大教案,也是最后一個由教案引發(fā)的重大交涉,在晚清教案史上占有重要地位。在革命范式下,南昌教案的敘事以江召棠被殺為前提,一方面證明清政府的對內(nèi)鎮(zhèn)壓和對外妥協(xié),一方面證明天主教和帝國主義的兇殘。本文考察并分析了各種相關(guān)敘述文本,對其史實進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的考證,并將其放在晚清的歷史語境下加以詮釋,同時以其為路徑探討晚清的相關(guān)世相。本文用七章來敘述,現(xiàn)摘要如下: 第一章導(dǎo)言從南昌教案的神話入手,介紹本文的研究趣向、學(xué)術(shù)意義和材料的搜集與使用。 第二章考察南昌教案的背景,先介紹了南昌城和南昌基督教的概況,隨后依次考察了晚清官員與教士的交往和南昌的反教傳統(tǒng),為此案的發(fā)生提供了空間和時間兩個維度的背景。 第三章考證了江召棠之死。首先從江召棠的仕途和茌港、新昌兩教案兩方面揭示了江召棠面臨的兩難困境;其次對正月二十九日江召棠教堂受傷一事進(jìn)行了文本分析和考證,認(rèn)為江召棠頸部之傷是來自被逼自刎,傷不致死,但隨著鬧教案的發(fā)生,不得不以死塞責(zé)。江西官場上層從手書中知悉江召棠受傷原因,故而未拘拿王安之和二十九日在場的中國教徒,遭到不明真相的外界輿論的批評。 第四章考察二月初三日的鬧教事件的具體場景。首先從傳教士的視角探討了他們在中國所面臨的種種風(fēng)險和挑戰(zhàn),隨后利用以下兩種方法對二月初三日的混亂場景做了深描:一、對二月初三日的各種敘事文本進(jìn)行分析,從多個視角展示這起騷亂;二、通過對一系列相關(guān)史實的提問和考辯進(jìn)入混亂的現(xiàn)場。 第五章敘述和分析南昌教案引發(fā)的中法交涉。首先重建了中法之間的交涉過程,發(fā)現(xiàn)外務(wù)部的態(tài)度一度比江西大吏還強硬,但由于梁敦彥的調(diào)查報告和西醫(yī)的尸檢報告,外務(wù)部態(tài)度變軟,并最終與法國簽訂合同,承認(rèn)江召棠憤急自刎且公示于眾。其次考察了南昌教案背后的晚清政治關(guān)系,包括外務(wù)部、軍機處、言路、南北洋和張之洞在南昌教案中的角色及關(guān)系,其中重點辨析了江西巡撫胡廷干和臬司余肇康在此次教案前后扮演的角色以及撫藩臬三者的關(guān)系。 第六章將視線轉(zhuǎn)向中外報紙對南昌教案的報道。首先揭示了由于立場不同報界對南昌教案報道的大相徑庭,在上海,中西報界之間圍繞江召棠的死因還展開了一場激烈的報戰(zhàn)。其次從中國報紙的民族主義情緒和作天下之氣思想出發(fā),探討了南昌教案中展現(xiàn)的輿論與真相的關(guān)系。 第七章討論南昌教案的影響。首先,探討了晚清教案帶來的種種禍患,進(jìn)而考察了二月初三日后南昌城的恐慌景象以及官方的應(yīng)對;其次,考察了南昌教案交涉期間各界調(diào)和民教的呼吁,認(rèn)為民教調(diào)和的共識的達(dá)成是國人遠(yuǎn)離教案的一個重要因素;再次,從南昌教案中的動員與認(rèn)同問題入手,考察了南昌教案與清末的民族國家建構(gòu)問題。
[Abstract]:On February 22, 1906, Jiang Zhaotang of Zhixian County, Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province, was invited by French clergyman Wang Anzhi to a banquet in the French Catholic Church. He was wounded by a sharp knife in his throat and died a week later. The Nanchang Religion Case is the last major religious case in the late Qing Dynasty and the last major negotiation initiated by the religious case. It occupies an important position in the history of the late Qing religion case. On the one hand, the internal suppression and external compromise of the Ming and Qing governments proved the cruelty of Catholicism and imperialism. This paper examines and analyzes various related narrative texts, makes a detailed textual research on their historical facts, and annotates them in the historical context of the late Qing Dynasty. At the same time, it takes them as a path to explore the relevant generations of the late Qing Dynasty. The summary is as follows:
The first chapter begins with the myth of Nanchang Religious Plan, and introduces the research interest, academic significance and the collection and use of materials.
Chapter two examines the background of Nanchang Christian case, first introduces the general situation of Nanchang City and Nanchang Christianity, then inspects the exchanges between officials and priests in the late Qing Dynasty and the anti-religious tradition of Nanchang in turn, which provides the two dimensions of space and time for the occurrence of the case.
Chapter three textually studies the death of Jiang Zhaotang. First, it reveals the dilemma Jiang Zhaotang is facing from the two aspects of his official career and Zhugang and Xinchang religious cases; secondly, it makes textual analysis and textual research on the injury of Jiang Zhaotang church on January 29. It is believed that the injury of Jiang Zhaotang's neck comes from being forced to cut off, and the injury does not cause death, but with the uproar of religion. Jiangxi officials learned from their handbooks why Jiang Zhaotang was injured, so the Chinese missionaries who did not detain Wang Anzhi and who were present on the 29th were criticized by the outside world for not knowing the truth.
Chapter Four examines the specific scene of the riot on February 3rd. First, it explores the various risks and challenges they face in China from the perspective of missionaries. Then it makes a deep description of the chaotic scene on February 3rd by using the following two methods: First, it analyzes the various narrative texts of February 3rd and displays them from multiple perspectives. This is a riot; two, through a series of questions and debates about historical facts, we get into a chaotic scene.
Firstly, the negotiation process between China and France was reconstructed. It was found that the attitude of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was stronger than that of Jiangxi officials at one time. However, due to Liang Dunyan's investigation report and the autopsy report of Western medicine, the attitude of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs became softer. Finally, the Ministry signed a contract with France, acknowledging Jiang Zhaotang's impatience and self-criticism. Secondly, the paper examines the political relations in the late Qing Dynasty, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Military Aircraft Department, the words and deeds, the roles and relations between the Northern and Southern Oceans and Zhang Zhidong in the Nanchang religious case.
Chapter Six focuses on the reports of Nanchang religious case by Chinese and foreign newspapers. Firstly, it reveals that there is a fierce newspaper battle between Chinese and Western newspapers in Shanghai about the cause of Jiang Zhaotang's death because of the different positions of different newspapers. The relationship between public opinion and truth in the Nanchang lesson plan was discussed.
The seventh chapter discusses the impact of the Nanchang Religion Case. First, it explores the calamities brought about by the case in the late Qing Dynasty, and then examines the panic in Nanchang City after the third day of February and the official response. Secondly, it examines the appeals for reconciliation and popular religion from all walks of life during the negotiation of the Nanchang Religion Case. Thirdly, starting from the mobilization and identification of Nanchang Religious Case, this paper examines the relationship between Nanchang Religious Case and the nation-state construction in the late Qing Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K257
本文編號：2180213
[Abstract]:On February 22, 1906, Jiang Zhaotang of Zhixian County, Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province, was invited by French clergyman Wang Anzhi to a banquet in the French Catholic Church. He was wounded by a sharp knife in his throat and died a week later. The Nanchang Religion Case is the last major religious case in the late Qing Dynasty and the last major negotiation initiated by the religious case. It occupies an important position in the history of the late Qing religion case. On the one hand, the internal suppression and external compromise of the Ming and Qing governments proved the cruelty of Catholicism and imperialism. This paper examines and analyzes various related narrative texts, makes a detailed textual research on their historical facts, and annotates them in the historical context of the late Qing Dynasty. At the same time, it takes them as a path to explore the relevant generations of the late Qing Dynasty. The summary is as follows:
The first chapter begins with the myth of Nanchang Religious Plan, and introduces the research interest, academic significance and the collection and use of materials.
Chapter two examines the background of Nanchang Christian case, first introduces the general situation of Nanchang City and Nanchang Christianity, then inspects the exchanges between officials and priests in the late Qing Dynasty and the anti-religious tradition of Nanchang in turn, which provides the two dimensions of space and time for the occurrence of the case.
Chapter three textually studies the death of Jiang Zhaotang. First, it reveals the dilemma Jiang Zhaotang is facing from the two aspects of his official career and Zhugang and Xinchang religious cases; secondly, it makes textual analysis and textual research on the injury of Jiang Zhaotang church on January 29. It is believed that the injury of Jiang Zhaotang's neck comes from being forced to cut off, and the injury does not cause death, but with the uproar of religion. Jiangxi officials learned from their handbooks why Jiang Zhaotang was injured, so the Chinese missionaries who did not detain Wang Anzhi and who were present on the 29th were criticized by the outside world for not knowing the truth.
Chapter Four examines the specific scene of the riot on February 3rd. First, it explores the various risks and challenges they face in China from the perspective of missionaries. Then it makes a deep description of the chaotic scene on February 3rd by using the following two methods: First, it analyzes the various narrative texts of February 3rd and displays them from multiple perspectives. This is a riot; two, through a series of questions and debates about historical facts, we get into a chaotic scene.
Firstly, the negotiation process between China and France was reconstructed. It was found that the attitude of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was stronger than that of Jiangxi officials at one time. However, due to Liang Dunyan's investigation report and the autopsy report of Western medicine, the attitude of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs became softer. Finally, the Ministry signed a contract with France, acknowledging Jiang Zhaotang's impatience and self-criticism. Secondly, the paper examines the political relations in the late Qing Dynasty, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Military Aircraft Department, the words and deeds, the roles and relations between the Northern and Southern Oceans and Zhang Zhidong in the Nanchang religious case.
Chapter Six focuses on the reports of Nanchang religious case by Chinese and foreign newspapers. Firstly, it reveals that there is a fierce newspaper battle between Chinese and Western newspapers in Shanghai about the cause of Jiang Zhaotang's death because of the different positions of different newspapers. The relationship between public opinion and truth in the Nanchang lesson plan was discussed.
The seventh chapter discusses the impact of the Nanchang Religion Case. First, it explores the calamities brought about by the case in the late Qing Dynasty, and then examines the panic in Nanchang City after the third day of February and the official response. Secondly, it examines the appeals for reconciliation and popular religion from all walks of life during the negotiation of the Nanchang Religion Case. Thirdly, starting from the mobilization and identification of Nanchang Religious Case, this paper examines the relationship between Nanchang Religious Case and the nation-state construction in the late Qing Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K257
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