五四時期馬克思主義在中國廣泛傳播的原因探析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 16:54
【摘要】：馬克思主義在五四時期得到廣泛傳播有其歷史必然性。首先,五四時期具備了馬克思主義在中國得到廣泛傳播的內(nèi)在條件:指導(dǎo)近代中國革命的救國理論,無論是中國本土思想絕對平均主義和經(jīng)世致用主義,還是西方思想理論社會進(jìn)化論和民約論,都因為自身存在的局限性而不能指導(dǎo)中國革命走向勝利;新文化運(yùn)動帶來的思想解放潮流為各種新思想的傳入開辟了道路,新文化運(yùn)動強(qiáng)烈的反傳統(tǒng)意識要求能夠救中國的革命理論只能是來自西方,馬克思主義作為一種思想理論傳入中國;五四運(yùn)動的直接導(dǎo)火線是巴黎和會上的外交失敗,中國的先進(jìn)分子從巴黎和會外交失敗所給予的實(shí)際教訓(xùn)中開始看出各帝國主義列強(qiáng)聯(lián)合壓迫中國人民的實(shí)質(zhì),從而認(rèn)識到能夠救中國的革命理論必須來自西方而又批判西方,馬克思主義剛好滿足這種需求,因而五四時期馬克思主義在中國得到了廣泛的傳播;五四運(yùn)動前夕,中國已有200多萬產(chǎn)業(yè)工人,工人階級隨著自身力量的壯大和革命運(yùn)動的發(fā)展,迫切需要代表自身利益和廣大勞苦民眾利益的思想理論指導(dǎo),馬克思主義是無產(chǎn)階級的世界觀和思想武器,滿足了工人階級對革命理論的要求。其次,五四時期具備了馬克思主義在中國得到廣泛傳播的外部因素:十月革命的勝利,改變了俄國工人階級和勞苦大眾的命運(yùn),使社會主義的理想在一個大國變成了現(xiàn)實(shí),這在中國知識分子中產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的反響,這個事實(shí)促使他們把從來都是向西方資本主義學(xué)習(xí)的眼光轉(zhuǎn)向同樣來自西方但又強(qiáng)烈批判西方的社會主義蘇俄;一戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā),使西方資本主義國家的矛盾和弊端尖銳的暴露出來,人們第一次從世界范圍內(nèi)感到資本主義喪失了光明的前途,從而引起中國知識分子對救過理論的再思考,轉(zhuǎn)向接受馬克思主義。最后,馬克思主義的理論張力能夠融合中國傳統(tǒng)文化,馬克思主義與中國實(shí)際相結(jié)合,實(shí)現(xiàn)民族化、本土化,最終為廣大的中國人民接受和掌握。
[Abstract]:Marxism was widely spread in the May fourth Movement period has its historical inevitability. First of all, the May 4th period had the inherent conditions for the widespread spread of Marxism in China: the theory of saving the nation that guided the modern Chinese revolution, whether it was absolute equalitarianism or utilitarianism in Chinese native thought. It is also western ideological theory, social evolution theory and civil covenant theory, both of which cannot guide the Chinese revolution to victory because of their own limitations. The ideological emancipation trend brought about by the New Culture Movement has opened the way for the introduction of various new ideas. The strong anti-tradition consciousness of the New Cultural Movement requires that the revolutionary theory that can save China can only come from the West, that Marxism is introduced into China as a kind of ideological theory, and that the direct trigger of the May 4th Movement is the diplomatic failure at the Paris Peace Conference. From the practical lessons given by the failure of the Paris Peace Conference diplomacy, the advanced elements of China began to see the essence of the United oppression of the Chinese people by the imperialist powers, and thus realized that the revolutionary theory capable of saving China must come from the West and criticize the West. Marxism just met this demand, so Marxism was widely spread in China during the May 4th Movement. On the eve of the May 4th Movement, China had more than 2 million industrial workers. With the growth of its own strength and the development of the revolutionary movement, the working class urgently needs ideological and theoretical guidance to represent its own interests and the interests of the working masses. Marxism is the world outlook and ideological weapon of the proletariat. It satisfies the demands of the working class on revolutionary theory. Secondly, the May 4th period had the external factors for the widespread spread of Marxism in China: the victory of the October Revolution changed the fate of the Russian working class and the laboring masses, and made the ideal of socialism a reality in a large country. This has had a strong reaction among Chinese intellectuals, and this fact has prompted them to turn their eyes, which have always been to learn from Western capitalism, to socialist Soviet Russia, which also comes from the West but also strongly criticizes the West; the outbreak of the first World War. The contradictions and drawbacks of western capitalist countries were exposed sharply, and people felt for the first time from the world that capitalism had lost a bright future, thus causing Chinese intellectuals to rethink the theory of salvation. To accept Marxism. Finally, the theoretical tension of Marxism can be integrated with Chinese traditional culture, Marxism and Chinese reality can be combined to realize nationalization, localization, and eventually accepted and mastered by the broad masses of Chinese people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K261.1
本文編號：2172421
[Abstract]:Marxism was widely spread in the May fourth Movement period has its historical inevitability. First of all, the May 4th period had the inherent conditions for the widespread spread of Marxism in China: the theory of saving the nation that guided the modern Chinese revolution, whether it was absolute equalitarianism or utilitarianism in Chinese native thought. It is also western ideological theory, social evolution theory and civil covenant theory, both of which cannot guide the Chinese revolution to victory because of their own limitations. The ideological emancipation trend brought about by the New Culture Movement has opened the way for the introduction of various new ideas. The strong anti-tradition consciousness of the New Cultural Movement requires that the revolutionary theory that can save China can only come from the West, that Marxism is introduced into China as a kind of ideological theory, and that the direct trigger of the May 4th Movement is the diplomatic failure at the Paris Peace Conference. From the practical lessons given by the failure of the Paris Peace Conference diplomacy, the advanced elements of China began to see the essence of the United oppression of the Chinese people by the imperialist powers, and thus realized that the revolutionary theory capable of saving China must come from the West and criticize the West. Marxism just met this demand, so Marxism was widely spread in China during the May 4th Movement. On the eve of the May 4th Movement, China had more than 2 million industrial workers. With the growth of its own strength and the development of the revolutionary movement, the working class urgently needs ideological and theoretical guidance to represent its own interests and the interests of the working masses. Marxism is the world outlook and ideological weapon of the proletariat. It satisfies the demands of the working class on revolutionary theory. Secondly, the May 4th period had the external factors for the widespread spread of Marxism in China: the victory of the October Revolution changed the fate of the Russian working class and the laboring masses, and made the ideal of socialism a reality in a large country. This has had a strong reaction among Chinese intellectuals, and this fact has prompted them to turn their eyes, which have always been to learn from Western capitalism, to socialist Soviet Russia, which also comes from the West but also strongly criticizes the West; the outbreak of the first World War. The contradictions and drawbacks of western capitalist countries were exposed sharply, and people felt for the first time from the world that capitalism had lost a bright future, thus causing Chinese intellectuals to rethink the theory of salvation. To accept Marxism. Finally, the theoretical tension of Marxism can be integrated with Chinese traditional culture, Marxism and Chinese reality can be combined to realize nationalization, localization, and eventually accepted and mastered by the broad masses of Chinese people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K261.1
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 趙文丹;陳唯實(shí)與馬克思主義哲學(xué)大眾化[D];中共中央黨校;2012年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 程鵬宇;建國前馬克思主義史學(xué)的中國史觀[D];西北大學(xué);2013年
，本文編號：2172421
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