建國(guó)后自流人口入疆研究（1949-1979）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-07 14:18
【摘要】：自流人口是我國(guó)一直存在的一種特殊人口遷移類型。自流人口不是由政府有計(jì)劃、有組織地加以遷徙,而是由他們自發(fā)地按照一定的需要和可能,從難以謀生的地區(qū)自由地遷移到謀生相對(duì)容易的地區(qū)。建國(guó)后至改革開放前,由于新疆相對(duì)較高的生活條件以及勞動(dòng)力的缺乏,大量自流人口入疆。在1949-1979年的30年間,進(jìn)入新疆的自流人口大約100多萬。入疆自流人口在職業(yè)構(gòu)成上,以農(nóng)民為主,學(xué)生次之,工人也有一些。另外還有退伍軍人、鄉(xiāng)村基層干部、乞丐,當(dāng)然也有極少部分流竄犯人。自流人口入疆的原因既有經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,也有政治和社會(huì)方面,但根本原因是謀生。自流支邊人口中,以甘肅、河南、四川、山東的人居多。自流人口入疆分為三個(gè)時(shí)期,第一段時(shí)期是1949—1958年,自流人員進(jìn)疆主要以工作謀生為目的。第二段時(shí)期是1959—1961年,自流人員主要是以躲避饑荒、災(zāi)難為目的涌入新疆。第三階段是1962——1979年,自流人員主要是投親靠友來疆謀生。 新疆政府對(duì)于流入農(nóng)村的自流人口采取就地安置的辦法,流入城鎮(zhèn)的采取收容安置,不接受安置的則遣送原籍,潛逃流竄的皆要押送原籍處理。新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)是接納內(nèi)地自流人口的重要單位,截止1970年末,兵團(tuán)共安置入疆自流人口就業(yè)21.5萬人。大量自流人口的到來,滿足了新疆各地區(qū)、各部門、各行業(yè)對(duì)勞動(dòng)力和技術(shù)力量的需求,從而促進(jìn)了新疆工農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)事業(yè)的發(fā)展。自流人口對(duì)于開拓邊疆,屯墾戍邊起著不可磨滅的歷史作用。當(dāng)然,由于沒有政府的組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo),自流人口也給新疆帶來某些消極作用,比如人口壓力、生態(tài)問題、社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)等等。 當(dāng)今學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)入疆自流人口的研究很少,偶有相關(guān)論及,多零星散見于人口與人口遷移方面的專著中。有鑒于此,筆者擬在搜集到的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)1949年至1979年自流人口入疆這一歷史事件進(jìn)行細(xì)致的闡述、分析。并以史料為依據(jù)對(duì)入疆自流人口對(duì)新疆的影響做出客觀、公正的評(píng)價(jià)�？傮w來說,自流人口入疆是利大于弊的,歷史證明,只要加以積極的管理和引導(dǎo),自流人口給新疆帶來的不利問題是不難解決的。自流人口管理的根本目的和意義在于興利除弊,使其和新疆城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào)。
[Abstract]:Self-flow population is a special type of population migration in China. The spontaneous migration of the population is not planned and organized by the government, but by their spontaneous migration from areas where it is difficult to earn a living and where it is relatively easy to make a living, according to certain needs and possibilities. From the founding of the people's Republic of China to the reform and opening up to the outside world, due to the relatively high living conditions and the lack of labor force in Xinjiang, a large number of self-flowing population entered Xinjiang. During the 30-year period from 1949 to 1979, more than a million people entered Xinjiang. In the composition of occupation, peasants are the main occupation, students take second place, and workers have some. There are also veterans, rural grassroots cadres, beggars and, of course, very few displaced prisoners. The reasons for the influx of self-flowing population include economic, political and social aspects, but the fundamental reason is to earn a living. Among the population of self-flowing branches, Gansu, Henan, Sichuan, and Shandong are the majority. The first period is 1949-1958. The main purpose of the self-flowing population is to earn a living. The second period was 1959-1961, and the main purpose of self-flow was to escape famine and disaster. The third stage was 1962-1979, the main self-sex personnel to rely on friends to make a living in Xinjiang. The Xinjiang government adopted the method of local integration for the self-flowing population flowing into rural areas, and adopted resettlement for those who entered cities and towns. Those who did not accept resettlement were sent back to their places of origin, and those who absconded and fled all had to be escorted to their places of origin to deal with. The Xinjiang production and Construction Corps is an important unit to accept the self-floating population in the mainland. By the end of 1970, the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps had placed 215000 self-displaced people in Xinjiang for employment. The arrival of a large number of self-flowing population has satisfied the demand of labor force and technical force in all regions, departments and industries in Xinjiang, thus promoting the development of Xinjiang's industrial and agricultural construction. The self-flowing population plays an indelible historical role in the development of frontier areas and the opening up and garrisoning of frontier areas. Of course, without the leadership of the government, the self-flowing population also brings some negative effects to Xinjiang, such as population pressure, ecological problems, social burden and so on. Nowadays, there are few researches on the self-flowing population in Xinjiang, which are occasionally discussed and scattered in the monographs of population and population migration. In view of this, the author intends to elaborate and analyze the historical event of self-flowing population entering Xinjiang from 1949 to 1979 on the basis of the collected data. On the basis of historical data, this paper makes an objective and fair evaluation on the impact of the self-flowing population in Xinjiang. Generally speaking, the advantages of the self-flowing population in Xinjiang are greater than the disadvantages. History has proved that as long as it is actively managed and guided, the unfavorable problems brought by the self-flowing population to Xinjiang are not difficult to solve. The basic purpose and significance of the self-flowing population management lies in doing the beneficial things, removing the malpractices and coordinating it with the social and economic development of Xinjiang's urban and rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K27
本文編號(hào)：2170296
[Abstract]:Self-flow population is a special type of population migration in China. The spontaneous migration of the population is not planned and organized by the government, but by their spontaneous migration from areas where it is difficult to earn a living and where it is relatively easy to make a living, according to certain needs and possibilities. From the founding of the people's Republic of China to the reform and opening up to the outside world, due to the relatively high living conditions and the lack of labor force in Xinjiang, a large number of self-flowing population entered Xinjiang. During the 30-year period from 1949 to 1979, more than a million people entered Xinjiang. In the composition of occupation, peasants are the main occupation, students take second place, and workers have some. There are also veterans, rural grassroots cadres, beggars and, of course, very few displaced prisoners. The reasons for the influx of self-flowing population include economic, political and social aspects, but the fundamental reason is to earn a living. Among the population of self-flowing branches, Gansu, Henan, Sichuan, and Shandong are the majority. The first period is 1949-1958. The main purpose of the self-flowing population is to earn a living. The second period was 1959-1961, and the main purpose of self-flow was to escape famine and disaster. The third stage was 1962-1979, the main self-sex personnel to rely on friends to make a living in Xinjiang. The Xinjiang government adopted the method of local integration for the self-flowing population flowing into rural areas, and adopted resettlement for those who entered cities and towns. Those who did not accept resettlement were sent back to their places of origin, and those who absconded and fled all had to be escorted to their places of origin to deal with. The Xinjiang production and Construction Corps is an important unit to accept the self-floating population in the mainland. By the end of 1970, the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps had placed 215000 self-displaced people in Xinjiang for employment. The arrival of a large number of self-flowing population has satisfied the demand of labor force and technical force in all regions, departments and industries in Xinjiang, thus promoting the development of Xinjiang's industrial and agricultural construction. The self-flowing population plays an indelible historical role in the development of frontier areas and the opening up and garrisoning of frontier areas. Of course, without the leadership of the government, the self-flowing population also brings some negative effects to Xinjiang, such as population pressure, ecological problems, social burden and so on. Nowadays, there are few researches on the self-flowing population in Xinjiang, which are occasionally discussed and scattered in the monographs of population and population migration. In view of this, the author intends to elaborate and analyze the historical event of self-flowing population entering Xinjiang from 1949 to 1979 on the basis of the collected data. On the basis of historical data, this paper makes an objective and fair evaluation on the impact of the self-flowing population in Xinjiang. Generally speaking, the advantages of the self-flowing population in Xinjiang are greater than the disadvantages. History has proved that as long as it is actively managed and guided, the unfavorable problems brought by the self-flowing population to Xinjiang are not difficult to solve. The basic purpose and significance of the self-flowing population management lies in doing the beneficial things, removing the malpractices and coordinating it with the social and economic development of Xinjiang's urban and rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K27
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條
1 劉月蘭;;新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)人口遷移研究[J];西北人口;2007年02期
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