【摘要】：從抗日戰(zhàn)爭到國共內(nèi)戰(zhàn),中國一直處于戰(zhàn)爭的硝煙之中,戰(zhàn)爭使無數(shù)人妻離子散家破人亡.特別是農(nóng)村,遭受的影響最大,戰(zhàn)爭使農(nóng)村人口銳減,加上天災(zāi),時(shí)旱使得耕地面積的不斷減少,土地荒蕪的現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重。農(nóng)民被各種苛捐雜稅壓的喘不過氣,沉重的徭役、兵役,使他們無法繼續(xù)在原有的土地上生存,只有選擇逃亡。河南自古以來就是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大省,農(nóng)民數(shù)量巨大。解放前農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)主要是封建經(jīng)濟(jì),官僚資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)和帝國主義經(jīng)濟(jì),他們?cè)谡?經(jīng)濟(jì)等各方面殘酷的壓榨著農(nóng)民。因此以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的河南情況更為糟糕,河南農(nóng)民的生活幾乎到了破產(chǎn)的邊緣,生產(chǎn)力水平每況愈下。 位于河南北部的新鄉(xiāng)縣,1949年5月全縣解放,雖然革命政權(quán)已經(jīng)建立起來,但各種反革命勢力仍然存在,他們化整為零,分散隱蔽起來,時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備反攻,企圖顛覆新生政權(quán),社會(huì)秩序遭到破壞。因此,1949年3月,中共新鄉(xiāng)縣委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全縣人民開展了肅匪反霸運(yùn)動(dòng),并取得了巨大的勝利,為土改運(yùn)動(dòng)的進(jìn)行營造了一個(gè)良好的政治環(huán)境。從1949年冬到1950年春,在中共新鄉(xiāng)縣委員會(huì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,短短7個(gè)月內(nèi),就在全縣范圍內(nèi)完成了土地改革運(yùn)動(dòng)。土改運(yùn)動(dòng)之前,在縣委和縣政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,開展了多種多樣的宣傳發(fā)動(dòng)工作,培養(yǎng)訓(xùn)練了一大批干部,讓他們深入農(nóng)村,進(jìn)行土改工作。全縣215個(gè)行政村,分三批全面開展土改工作,第一批從1949年11月-1950年1月,第二批從1950年1月-1950年2月,第三批從1950年2月-1950年3月,復(fù)查發(fā)證階段從1950年3月-1950年6月,主要工作是丈地發(fā)證,并糾正之前工作中的偏向。新鄉(xiāng)縣的土改大體分為幾個(gè)階段:宣傳發(fā)動(dòng)、建立農(nóng)會(huì);劃分階級(jí);沒收征收;分配果實(shí);改造政權(quán);復(fù)查發(fā)證轉(zhuǎn)向生產(chǎn)。 新鄉(xiāng)縣的土改運(yùn)動(dòng)為鞏固政權(quán),發(fā)展生產(chǎn)方面做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。土改中農(nóng)民獲得了土地,地主階級(jí)被徹底清除,幾千年來的封建土地制度被廢除。但由于種種原因,在新鄉(xiāng)縣的土改運(yùn)動(dòng)中,還存在不少偏向和不足,比如政策貫徹和執(zhí)行不夠,對(duì)干部群眾的民主教育不夠,匪特肅清不夠,出現(xiàn)左傾錯(cuò)誤等,給土改工作的進(jìn)行帶來了不少困難。
[Abstract]:From the war of resistance against Japan to the civil war of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, China has been in the smoke of the war, and the war has made countless wives and ions scattered. Especially in the countryside, the country has suffered the greatest impact. The war has made the rural population sharp and the natural disaster, the drought has made the arable land less and more serious. Henan has been a big agricultural province since ancient times, and the number of farmers is huge. The economic structure of the rural areas before liberation is mainly feudal economy, bureaucrat capitalist economy and imperialist economy, they are in political, economic and other aspects. The cruelty is squeezing the farmers. So the agriculture - based Henan is even worse. The life of the farmers in Henan almost goes to the edge of bankruptcy, and the level of productivity has gone from bad to worse.
In Xinxiang County, north of Henan, the whole county was liberated in May 1949. Although the revolutionary political power had been established, all kinds of counter revolutionary forces still existed. They were divided into zero, dispersed and concealed. They were always preparing to counter attack, trying to subvert the new regime and the social order was destroyed. In March 1949, the Xinxiang County Committee of the Communist Party of China led the people of the whole county. From the winter of 1949 to the spring of 1950 and under the leadership of the Xinxiang County Committee of the Communist Party of China, the land reform movement was completed within 7 months from the winter of 1949 to the spring of 1950. Under the leadership of the county and county governments, the land reform movement was completed within the county level within a short period of the period of the Communist Party of China. A variety of propaganda and launching work has been carried out to train a large number of cadres, let them go into the rural areas and carry out land reform. 215 administrative villages in the county have been carried out in three batches, the first batch from January -1950 November 1949, the second batch from February January 1950, February, and the third batch from February 1950 -1950 March, to review the issuing stage. From March 1950 -1950 June, the main work was to verify the work of Xinxiang County, and to correct the bias in the previous work. In general, the soil reform in the county was divided into several stages: the propaganda, the establishment of the peasant association, the division of the class; the confiscation of the collection; the distribution of the fruit; the transformation of the political power; the reexamination of the certificate turning to production.
The soil reform movement in Xinxiang county has made great contributions to the consolidation of the political power and the development of the production. The peasants obtained the land in the soil reform, the landlord class has been completely cleared up and the feudal land system has been abolished for thousands of years. But for a variety of reasons, there are still a lot of deviations and shortcomings in the civil reform movement in Xinxiang County, such as the implementation and implementation of the policy. Enough democratic education for cadres and the masses, insufficient elimination of bandits, and left-leaning mistakes have brought about many difficulties in carrying out land reform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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本文編號(hào)：2157734