【摘要】： 1927年,南京國民政府建立后,逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)了國家的統(tǒng)一,國家整體形勢(shì)有所好轉(zhuǎn)。但是,在1929——1933年世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)以及國內(nèi)種種因素的作用下,農(nóng)村整體呈現(xiàn)衰落景象。 華北地區(qū)——河南、河北、山東農(nóng)村一直存在人多地少,人均耕地不足的問題,大部分農(nóng)戶依靠農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)難以維持生計(jì)。南京國民政府時(shí)期,情況依然如此。這一時(shí)期,華北地區(qū)耕地面積總體上沒有什么大的變化。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工具依然落后,農(nóng)戶耕畜缺乏,水利灌溉設(shè)施等農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件有漸趨惡化的趨勢(shì),農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)處于停滯狀態(tài)。而這一時(shí)期農(nóng)民承擔(dān)的各種稅賦包括鹽稅、田賦正附稅以及其它各種稅捐卻呈現(xiàn)不斷增長的趨勢(shì)。再加上世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和日本侵占東北、蠶食華北的影響,華北地區(qū)農(nóng)民的生活狀況日趨惡化,生計(jì)困難。 論文正文分三個(gè)部分： 第一部分：南京國民政府時(shí)期農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)概況。華北地區(qū)人多地少,人均耕地不足,在南京國民政府時(shí)期,耕地總面積變化不大,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)基本維持原有狀態(tài)。這一時(shí)期物價(jià)變化劇烈,對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)影響較大。 第二部分：農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)與生活狀況。南京國民政府時(shí)期,農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)工具依然落后,沒有什么發(fā)展,并且很大一部分農(nóng)戶擁有的農(nóng)具不足,耕畜缺乏,農(nóng)業(yè)水利灌溉設(shè)施沒有什么發(fā)展,并有惡化的趨勢(shì)。作為農(nóng)民收入另一個(gè)來源的農(nóng)副業(yè)生產(chǎn)在這一時(shí)期也日趨衰落。農(nóng)民的衣、食、住、行、婚姻狀況不容樂觀。 第三部分：稅賦對(duì)農(nóng)民生計(jì)的影響。在這一時(shí)期,農(nóng)民承擔(dān)的鹽稅、田賦正稅、附加稅以及其它各種捐稅不斷增加,農(nóng)民的稅賦負(fù)擔(dān)日趨加重,嚴(yán)重影響農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)與生活。 農(nóng)民的生計(jì)問題不僅關(guān)乎農(nóng)村的興衰,也與整個(gè)國家的盛衰相關(guān)。今天,我們應(yīng)該從這一段歷史中汲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn),高度關(guān)注農(nóng)民生計(jì)問題,解決好農(nóng)民生計(jì)問題,大力促進(jìn)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:In 1927, the Nanjing National Government established, gradually realized the national unification, the national overall situation has improved. However, under the influence of the world economic crisis of 1929-1933 and various domestic factors, the whole rural area showed decline. The rural areas of North China-Henan, Hebei and Shandong have always had the problems of large population, small land, insufficient per capita cultivated land, and most peasant households cannot support themselves by agricultural production. This was still the case during the period of the Nanjing National Government. This period, the area of cultivated land in North China as a whole has not changed a lot. Agricultural production tools are still backward, farmers lack of livestock, irrigation facilities and other agricultural production conditions tend to deteriorate, agricultural production is in a state of stagnation. In this period, all kinds of taxes, such as salt tax, land tax and other taxes, have a growing trend. Coupled with the world economic crisis and Japan's occupation of the northeast, the impact of the encroachment on North China, the living conditions of farmers in North China are deteriorating day by day, and their livelihood is difficult. The main body of the paper is divided into three parts: the first part: the agricultural production in the period of Nanjing National Government. During the period of Nanjing National Government, the total area of cultivated land changed little, and agricultural production basically maintained its original state. This period changes sharply in prices, and has a greater impact on agricultural production. The second part: farmers' production and living conditions. During the period of Nanjing National Government, agricultural production tools were still lagging behind, without any development, and a large proportion of farmers had insufficient farm tools, livestock, and irrigation facilities for agricultural water conservancy, and had a tendency of deterioration. Agricultural sideline production, another source of farmers' income, also declined in this period. Farmers' clothing, food, housing, line, marital status is not optimistic. The third part: the impact of tax on farmers' livelihood. In this period, the peasants' salt tax, land tax, surtax and other taxes are increasing, and the burden of peasants' tax becomes more and more serious, which seriously affects the production and life of farmers. Farmers' livelihood is not only related to the rise and fall of the countryside, but also to the rise and fall of the whole country. Today, we should draw experiences and lessons from this period of history, pay close attention to the problem of farmers' livelihood, solve the problem of peasants' livelihood, and vigorously promote the construction of new countryside.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K262.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 汪效駟;1929-1933年世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)對(duì)中國農(nóng)村的影響[J];安徽師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年03期

2 王印煥;略論20世紀(jì)二三十年代華北農(nóng)村土地問題對(duì)農(nóng)民生活的影響[J];北京科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2000年03期

3 莫曰達(dá);1840—1949年中國的農(nóng)業(yè)增加值[J];財(cái)經(jīng)問題研究;2000年01期

4 朱漢國,王印煥;民國時(shí)期華北鄉(xiāng)村的捐稅負(fù)擔(dān)及其社會(huì)影響[J];河北大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2002年04期

5 張東剛;關(guān)永強(qiáng);;1930年前后中國農(nóng)家收支狀況的實(shí)證分析[J];華中師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2009年02期

6 徐秀麗;近代河北省農(nóng)地灌溉的發(fā)展[J];近代史研究;1993年02期

7 劉克祥;1927─—1937年農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與收成、產(chǎn)量研究[J];近代史研究;2001年05期

8 夏明方;發(fā)展的幻象——近代華北農(nóng)村農(nóng)戶收入狀況與農(nóng)民生活水平辨析[J];近代史研究;2002年02期

9 徐秀麗;中國近代糧食畝產(chǎn)的估計(jì)─—以華北平原為例[J];近代史研究;1996年01期

10 馮杰;;民國時(shí)期華北農(nóng)民生活的個(gè)案解析——論抗戰(zhàn)前晉察冀邊區(qū)的農(nóng)民生活[J];歷史教學(xué)(高校版);2008年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 朱洪啟;二十世紀(jì)華北農(nóng)具、水井的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)透視[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2004年

，

本文編號(hào)：2137904