【摘要】： 20世紀(jì)50年代的開(kāi)封,氣候反常,自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā),再加上國(guó)民黨統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的兵禍匪患所造成的遺留影響,致使疫病流行非常嚴(yán)重。疫病不僅對(duì)開(kāi)封民眾的生命健康構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重的威脅,還嚴(yán)重阻礙了政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展,造成了社會(huì)混亂。疫病的發(fā)生既有自然因素,也有社會(huì)因素,它是在眾多因素的共同作用下發(fā)生的,它不再僅僅是一個(gè)自然問(wèn)題,更越來(lái)越成為政府所必須要解決的一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題。 文章以開(kāi)封市檔案館所藏資料為依據(jù),重點(diǎn)論述了1950年代開(kāi)封的疫病流行及防治,并從災(zāi)害、氣候、人口環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)及生活習(xí)俗等6個(gè)方面來(lái)分析發(fā)生疫病的原因。面對(duì)疫病的肆虐,人民政府采取了一系列卓有成效的防治措施,主要包括:建立起了防疫站、防疫委員會(huì)等各種防疫組織,制定了《關(guān)于血吸蟲(chóng)病防治工作的指示》、《關(guān)于預(yù)防霍亂的指示》等各項(xiàng)規(guī)章指示,通過(guò)舉辦防疫訓(xùn)練班、學(xué)術(shù)講座以及防御美術(shù)展覽大力進(jìn)行防疫宣傳,先后多次開(kāi)展了以“除四害”為中心的城市愛(ài)國(guó)衛(wèi)生運(yùn)動(dòng),并組織力量進(jìn)行全民性的預(yù)防接種等5個(gè)方面。此外,紅十字會(huì)等民間的社會(huì)團(tuán)體也積極參與了防疫活動(dòng)。 事實(shí)證明,政府在防疫方面所取的成績(jī)是顯著的,對(duì)疫病的控制起了重要的作用,有效地降低了各種疫病的發(fā)生率和死亡率,同時(shí),在此過(guò)程中,積累了豐富的衛(wèi)生防疫、防病治病、保障健康、改善環(huán)境、移風(fēng)易俗等可貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn),初步建立了一定規(guī)模的衛(wèi)生防疫系統(tǒng),為以后的防疫工作打下了牢固的基礎(chǔ),從而大大推動(dòng)了本地的社會(huì)進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。但是,由于當(dāng)時(shí)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)水平較低、經(jīng)濟(jì)落后、不良的生活習(xí)俗以及一些錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)的影響,致使在開(kāi)封的疫病防治工作中也存在很多的不足之處。
[Abstract]:In the 1950s, Kaifeng had abnormal climate, frequent natural disasters, and the legacy of soldiers and bandits during the Kuomintang rule, which made the epidemic very serious. Epidemic disease not only poses a serious threat to the life and health of Kaifeng people, but also seriously hinders the development of politics, economy and culture. The occurrence of epidemic disease has both natural factors and social factors. It occurs under the joint action of many factors. It is no longer just a natural problem, but also a social problem that must be solved by the government more and more. Based on the data collected by Kaifeng Archives, this paper discusses the epidemic and prevention of epidemic disease in Kaifeng in the 1950s, and analyzes the causes of epidemic disease from six aspects, such as disaster, climate, population and environment, economy, war and living custom. In the face of the epidemic, the people's government has taken a series of effective preventive measures, mainly including the establishment of epidemic prevention stations, epidemic prevention committees, and various epidemic prevention organizations. Various regulations and directives, such as the instructions on the Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and the instruction on the Prevention of Cholera, have been formulated and vigorously propagated through the organization of epidemic prevention training courses, academic lectures and art exhibitions on prevention. The patriotic health campaign centered on "eliminating the four evils" has been carried out for many times, and five aspects have been organized, such as the prevention and inoculation of the whole people. In addition, the Red Cross and other civil society groups are also actively involved in epidemic prevention activities. Facts have proved that the government's achievements in epidemic prevention have been remarkable, have played an important role in the control of epidemic diseases, effectively reduced the incidence and mortality of various diseases, and, in the process, accumulated abundant sanitation and epidemic prevention. The valuable experience of preventing and treating diseases, protecting health, improving the environment, changing the customs and so on has preliminarily established a certain scale health and epidemic prevention system, which has laid a solid foundation for the future epidemic prevention work. This greatly promoted the local social progress and economic development. However, due to the low level of medical technology, backward economy, bad living customs and the influence of some misunderstandings, there are many deficiencies in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases in Kaifeng.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R181.3;K27

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