日偽時期東北朝鮮族“集團部落”研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-18 15:19
【摘要】： “9·18”事變后,日本建設的朝鮮族集團部落是日本殖民統(tǒng)治東北朝鮮族農(nóng)村的一個縮影,它不僅是日本殖民政策的特殊歷史產(chǎn)物,又是對廣大朝鮮族農(nóng)民進行殖民統(tǒng)治的歷史見證。因此,本論文擬從日偽時期朝鮮族集團部落的角度,對日偽時期朝鮮族農(nóng)村的畸形發(fā)展史進行系統(tǒng)考察,以填補朝鮮族村落史研究的不足,揭開日本“統(tǒng)制”東北朝鮮族農(nóng)民的真面目。 在建設朝鮮族集團部落時,由于日本以政治上“保護”、經(jīng)濟上“救濟”、教育上“支持”、衛(wèi)生上“改善”為幌子進行,使許多人產(chǎn)生了錯誤的認識,再加上日本軍國主義長期的美化宣傳,掩蓋其本質(zhì),這不僅不利于進一步揭露日本的侵略罪行,而且有害于漢、朝民族團結。因此對它的研究具有較高的學術價值和一定的現(xiàn)實意義。 本論文共分四章。第一章主要闡述了日本建設東北朝鮮族集團部落的社會背景。首先,以“9·18”事變前朝鮮族村落的形成過程及分布特征為主要內(nèi)容,闡明東北各地朝鮮族聚集村落的形成與發(fā)展。聚集村落是朝鮮族人民在中國東北開創(chuàng)的自然性村落,具有以地緣為基礎的同鄉(xiāng)聚居村落和同族聚居村落的特點,并分布在有利于水田開發(fā)的大小河流及支流沿岸；其次,通過敘述日本長期采取“統(tǒng)制”與“利用”東北朝鮮族的政策,擴大自己在東北的勢力范圍,以保護“日本臣民”為由,干涉中國內(nèi)政,導致中國人誤認為朝鮮族是日本侵華的“尖兵”和外交沖突的“禍根”,加以“驅逐”和“迫害”,使朝漢民族關系惡化；在“9·18”事變中,廣大朝鮮族村落成為東北軍潰兵及土匪襲擊的主要目標,使東北朝鮮族社會出現(xiàn)大量“難民”的全過程,闡明了東北朝鮮族人民蒙受不白之冤的根本原因；再次,闡述“9·18”事變后,東北朝鮮族村落遭受嚴重破壞,大量朝鮮族“避難民”涌入城市及鐵路沿線或返回朝鮮國內(nèi),嚴重威脅日本殖民地“滿洲國”和朝鮮國內(nèi)治安穩(wěn)定的社會背景。同時闡明了在朝鮮國內(nèi)輿論及朝鮮民眾聲援東北朝鮮族“難民”活動等政治壓力下,朝鮮總督府視對東北朝鮮族的統(tǒng)治就是朝鮮國內(nèi)殖民統(tǒng)治的延長線,積極采取“統(tǒng)制”與“安定”東北朝鮮族的政策�？傊�,本章闡述了日本為了穩(wěn)定殖民地治安,首先從收容“赤化的禍根”朝鮮族農(nóng)民開始,建設集團部落的社會背景。 第二章主要闡述了日本推行集團部落政策的過程。首先,剖析日本推行“集團部落”政策的目的。1.詮釋“集團部落”名稱的內(nèi)容,闡明集團部落的強制性和歧視性；2.日本以“救濟”和“保護”朝鮮族“難民”為幌子建設的集團部落,就是在東北朝鮮族社會擴大自己勢力范圍,收容東北各地散居的朝鮮族從而進行“統(tǒng)制”；3.日本在建設集團部落中特別注重“治安第一主義”,組織武裝自衛(wèi)團,甚至設置警察所,建設圍墻及碉堡,表面上是維護村落的安全,實際上是為了斷絕人民群眾與抗日部隊的聯(lián)系；4.日本建設朝鮮移民“模范農(nóng)村”,不僅可以贏得朝鮮人民的歡心,也以它為“版本”向全東北推廣集團部落建設模式；其次,通過宏觀地闡述朝鮮總督府資助“東勸”和“東拓”在東北地區(qū)建設朝鮮族集團部落的過程、經(jīng)營方式、村落規(guī)模、警備狀況及奴化教育設施等的基礎上,進一步對典型的營口農(nóng)村進行微觀地分析,闡明朝鮮總督府“集團部落”的特點：朝鮮總督府通過集團部落建設,收容朝鮮族“難民”,政治上贏得朝鮮人民的歡心,加強了日本殖民地統(tǒng)治；軍事上利用集團部落抗衡抗日根據(jù)地的發(fā)展,控制和蠶食抗日根據(jù)地,并分布于日本移民的第二地帶和第三地帶,成為日軍維護鐵路及交通要道的“橋頭堡”；再次,通過闡述偽滿洲國建設集團部落的目的、建設過程及經(jīng)營方式,闡明偽滿洲國建設集團部落也是從朝鮮族集聚區(qū)開始的特點�？傊�,日本通過第一期的集團部落建設,基本收容完東北各地的朝鮮族避難民,并利用建設集團部落控制和蠶食抗日根據(jù)地,為進一步擴建集團部落打下了“牢固基礎”。 第三章主要闡述了朝鮮開拓民與集團部落擴建的過程。首先,研究了滿鮮拓殖株式會社經(jīng)營的集團移民部落狀況(1937—1941年)。日本為了控制越來越多的東北朝鮮族移民,把原來對朝鮮移民的“放任自流”政策,改為“新規(guī)入殖”政策。通過對朝鮮開拓民“新規(guī)入殖”-政策的出臺及朝鮮開拓民集團部落建設過程、建設規(guī)模、建設位置、移民形式及先住朝鮮移民的集結部落的建設過程等問題的研究,闡明日本以建設朝鮮開拓民集團部落,控制朝鮮開拓民的規(guī)模及分布地點,防止朝鮮開拓民妨礙日本百萬戶移民計劃的實施；其次,研究了滿洲拓殖公社經(jīng)營的集團部落的狀況(1942—1945年)。這一時期,由于太平洋戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā),東北完全成為日本戰(zhàn)爭的后方基地,隨著戰(zhàn)爭的激化,日本越來越加強對朝鮮開拓民集團部落的“統(tǒng)制”,可以說滿洲拓殖公社經(jīng)營時期是集團部落建設的最后時期；再次,闡明了朝鮮開拓民集團部落的特點：1.朝鮮開拓團集團部落的形成過程與日軍的“治安肅正”工作有緊密聯(lián)系,朝鮮開拓民集團部落在抗日聯(lián)軍的活動地區(qū)集中建設,成了日軍“討伐”抗日聯(lián)軍的前哨基地。2.補充日本移民之不足,以日本移民第二地帶為主,最終分布在整個日本人移民地帶。1940年之前,為了不妨礙日本移民計劃和配合日軍的“治安肅正”,朝鮮開拓民集團部落大部分建設在中東鐵道以南的延邊地區(qū)和東邊道地區(qū),1940年之后,為了補充日本移民之不足,集中建設在北滿地區(qū)。3.日本利用朝鮮南部農(nóng)民擴建集團部落,不僅可以緩解朝鮮國內(nèi)的民族矛盾,還可以利用于日軍的“治安肅正”工作。4.朝鮮開拓民集團部落村名有濃厚的移民特征。日本通過“滿鮮拓”、“滿拓公社”等半國家型殖民會社,經(jīng)營朝鮮開拓民集團部落,控制朝鮮開拓民的規(guī)模及分布地點,防止朝鮮開拓民妨礙日本百萬戶移民計劃的實施,使廣大朝鮮族農(nóng)民在指定的地區(qū)內(nèi),受殘酷的剝削和“統(tǒng)制”。本章節(jié)從宏觀和微觀兩個方面對“滿洲國”建設朝鮮開拓民集團部落的目的、統(tǒng)治機構、“統(tǒng)制”方式、分布特點等進行了詳細的敘述,闡明了日本利用朝鮮開拓民集團部落,進行產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)和“討伐”抗日聯(lián)軍的本質(zhì)。 第四章主要探討了日偽時期朝鮮族集團部落的作用及其影響。首先,研究了集團部落對反滿抗日部隊的危害。日軍針對抗日武裝部隊在中國共產(chǎn)黨的領導下,以廣大人民群眾為后盾,從抗日游擊隊發(fā)展成東北人民革命軍及東北抗日聯(lián)軍的特點,不斷加強集團部落的建設。他們不僅加強防御圍墻、壕溝、碉堡等設施的建設,還進一步提高自衛(wèi)團的素質(zhì),配合日軍的“治安肅正”工作,甚至大量移民受奴化教育時間相對長的朝鮮南部農(nóng)民,建設朝鮮開拓民集團部落,使廣大朝鮮開拓民成了日軍“討伐”抗日部隊的“擋箭牌”；其次,研究了集團部落限制一切人身自由的保甲制度和居民出入、購物、售物等其他各種制度,揭露所謂“自耕農(nóng)創(chuàng)定”的實質(zhì),闡明集團部落是日本帝國主義“統(tǒng)制”和剝削東北朝鮮族農(nóng)民的“集中營”實態(tài)；再次,研究集團部落對東北水田開發(fā)的影響；1.闡述“9.18”事變前,朝鮮移民把東北的水田事業(yè)逐漸發(fā)展壯大的過程及規(guī)模。2.闡述了日本殖民會社霸占東北適合開發(fā)水田的土地,以自己的需求來控制大米的生產(chǎn)。特別是以“維持治安”為名,把不少的南部朝鮮移民“新規(guī)入殖”在“間島”與“東邊道”等不適合水田耕作的山岳地帶和北滿寒冷地區(qū),還把散居在適合水田的日本移民預定地的朝鮮族農(nóng)民集結在指定的地點建設集團部落,使偽滿洲國水田事業(yè)畸形發(fā)展。通過研究集團部落對東北水田開發(fā)的影響,澄清了一些對日本侵略者開發(fā)東北水田的錯誤認識。日本大量移民朝鮮南部農(nóng)民,使人們誤認為是為了改善朝鮮人民的生活水平,開發(fā)東北水田事業(yè)。但是,通過對朝鮮水田勞動力人口及入殖地區(qū)限制政策和集團部落耕作品種,不難看出日本一方面利用朝鮮南部移民,經(jīng)濟上牟取暴利。另一方面,一旦涉及到日本移民和影響日本國內(nèi)的大米價格,就限制朝鮮南部移民耕作水田。因此,日本政府移民朝鮮南部農(nóng)民的主要目的是為了緩解朝鮮國內(nèi)民族矛盾和階級矛盾。最后,研究了集團部落對朝鮮族傳統(tǒng)村落文化的摧殘。1.日本在集團部落里進行“皇民化運動”的內(nèi)容,如：廢除反日學校,建立奴化教育基地學校,對集團部落強化實施“忠君愛國”教育等。為消滅朝鮮民族意識,從根本上鏟除其反日思想,日本從教學內(nèi)容、學校機構、神社堂和協(xié)和會的建立等諸多方面采取了“皇民化”的措施,驅使朝鮮族充當侵略戰(zhàn)爭的炮灰,成為鎮(zhèn)壓東北人民的工具和推行殖民統(tǒng)治政策的幫兇；2.集團部落對朝鮮族農(nóng)民傳統(tǒng)習慣的的影響。首先,闡述集團部落對朝鮮族傳統(tǒng)建村地域及建村形態(tài)的影響；其次,闡述集團部落對朝鮮族傳統(tǒng)衣食文化及衛(wèi)生等諸方面的影響。 總之,本文利用大量新發(fā)掘的地方檔案等珍貴資料,對日偽時期東北朝鮮族集團部落的歷史過程進行了較為系統(tǒng)和全面的論述,填補了朝鮮族村落史研究中的一個空白領域,對豐富和充實朝鮮族斗爭史、遷移史的研究具有一定的學術價值。
[Abstract]:After the " 9.18 " Incident , the Korean Group Tribes built in Japan is a miniature of the Korean village in the northeast of Japan . It is not only a special historical product of Japanese colonial policy , but also a historical witness to the colonial rule of Korean farmers .
In the construction of the tribes of the Korean nationality , because of the political " protection " , economic " relief " , " support " and " improvement " in the economy under the guise of " improvement " in Japan , many people have produced wrong awareness , and added with the long - term glorification of Japanese militarists to conceal its essence , which is not only detrimental to the further disclosure of Japanese aggression crimes , but also harmful to the Chinese and the national unity . Therefore , the study has high academic value and practical significance .
This thesis is divided into four chapters . The first chapter mainly expounds the social background of the Korean group tribes in the northeast of Japan . First , the formation and development of the Korean ethnic group villages in the northeast of China are set forth . First , the formation and development of the Korean people ' s gathering villages in the northeast of China are expounded . The agglomeration village is the natural village which the Korean people opened in the northeast of China .
Secondly , by describing Japan ' s long - term " unification " and " utilizing " the policy of " utilizing " the north - east Korean nationality to expand its sphere of influence in the northeast , so as to protect " Japanese subjects " from interfering in China ' s internal affairs , the Chinese people mistakenly believe that the Korean nationality is the " evil root " of Japan ' s invasion of China and the " evil root " of diplomatic conflict .
In the " 9.18 " incident , the majority of the Korean village villages became the main target of the attack of the soldiers of the Northeast Army and the bandits , so that the whole process of large numbers of " refugees " appeared in the Korean society in the northeast , and the root causes of the unjust cause of the Korean people in the Northeast were expounded .
At the same time , the article expounds the social background of the Korean nationality in the northeast of Korea under the political pressure of the Korean nationality in North Korea and the Korean nationality in the northeast of Korea .
The second chapter mainly expounds the process of the group ' s tribal policy in Japan . Firstly , the purpose of the policy of " Group Tribes " is analyzed in Japan . 1 . The content of the name of " Group Tribes " is interpreted , and the mandatory and discriminatory of the group tribes are elucidated ;
2 . A group of tribes built under the guise of " relief " and " protection " of the Korean refugees is the expansion of their sphere of influence in the Korean society in the north - east and the settlement of the Korean families scattered around the north - eastern part of the north - east , so as to carry out " unification " ;
3 . Japan attaches particular importance to " security first doctrine " in the group of building groups , organizes armed self - defence groups , even sets up police stations , construction of walls and blockhouses , on the surface the maintenance of village security , in fact in order to break the link between the people and the anti - Japanese forces ;
4 . Japan ' s construction of Korean immigrants " model countryside " can not only win the hearts of the Korean people , but also promote the group ' s tribal construction model to the Northeast by " version " ;
Secondly , through the macro - analysis of the process , mode of operation , the scale of village , the situation of police and the facilities of the Korean nationality in Northeast China , the author further analyzes the typical rural areas , and expounds the characteristics of the " Group Tribes " of the general government of the DPRK : through the construction of the group tribe , the host Korean " refugees " , the political won the hearts of the Korean people , and strengthened the Japanese colonial rule ;
The military uses the Group ' s tribal anti - Japanese base areas to develop , control and silkworm the anti - Japanese base areas , and distribute them to the second and third zones of the Japanese immigrants , which serve as the " bridge " for the Japanese army to maintain the railway and the main road .
Thirdly , through the elaboration of the aim , the construction process and the mode of operation of the group tribes of the puppet Manchukuo Group , it is stated that the clan of the puppet Manchukuo Group is also the feature of the beginning of the Korean agglomeration area . In conclusion , Japan has built a " firm foundation " for further expansion of the group ' s tribes through the first group of tribal construction , basically hosting the Korean refugees from all parts of the Northeast , and using the tribal control of the construction group and the anti - Japanese base areas .
In the third chapter , the process of expanding the people and group tribes in North Korea is described . First , the status of the group migrant tribes ( 1937 - 1941 ) which is operated by the full - fresh development Co . , Ltd . is studied . In order to control the growing number of Korean immigrants in Northeast China , Japan has changed the " let - off " policy of Korean immigrants to " new regulation " policy .
Secondly , the status of Group Tribes ( 1942 - 1945 ) was studied . During this period , because of the outbreak of the Pacific War , the Northeast has become the rear base of Japan ' s war , and with the intensification of the war , Japan has strengthened the " unified system " of the North Korea ' s exploitation of the tribes of the People ' s Group , and it can be said that the operation period of the whole continent is the last period of the Group ' s tribal construction ;
In order not to obstruct Japan ' s migration plan and to cooperate with the Japanese army ' s " peace and security " , the Korea opened up the ethnic group in the south of the Middle East Railway . In 1940 , to supplement the Japanese immigrants ' shortage , it could not only alleviate the country ' s national contradiction , but also be able to use the Korean farmers to exploit and distribute the people in the region .
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the role and influence of the tribes of the Korean nationality group in the period of the Japanese Pseudo Period . First of all , the damage of the group clan to the anti - Japanese forces is studied . The Japanese army , under the leadership of the Communist Party of China , develops into the Northeast People ' s Revolutionary Army and the Northeast Anti - Japanese Joint Army .
Secondly , the paper studies the protection system and the residents ' access , shopping and sale of all personal freedom in the group tribes , and exposes the essence of the so - called " self - cultivation agriculture creation " , and expounds that the group clan is the " centralized " real state of the Japanese imperialism " unified system " and the exploitation of the northeast Korean farmers ;
Thirdly , study the influence of group tribes on the development of northeast paddy field ;
On the other hand , by studying the influence of group tribes on the development of Korean traditional village culture , the paper clarifies the influence of group tribes on the development of Korean traditional village culture .
2 . The influence of group tribes on the traditional customs of Korean farmers . First , the influence of group tribes on the regional and village forms of Korean traditional villages is expounded .
Secondly , it expounds the influence of group tribes on the traditional clothing culture and health of Korean nationality .
In short , this paper makes a systematic and comprehensive exposition of the historical process of the tribes of the Korean nationality group in the northeast of Japan by using a lot of valuable information , such as local archives , and fills up a blank field in the study of Korean village history , which has certain academic value to enrich and enrich the history of Korean struggle and the study of migration history .
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K265.3
本文編號：2132318
[Abstract]:After the " 9.18 " Incident , the Korean Group Tribes built in Japan is a miniature of the Korean village in the northeast of Japan . It is not only a special historical product of Japanese colonial policy , but also a historical witness to the colonial rule of Korean farmers .
In the construction of the tribes of the Korean nationality , because of the political " protection " , economic " relief " , " support " and " improvement " in the economy under the guise of " improvement " in Japan , many people have produced wrong awareness , and added with the long - term glorification of Japanese militarists to conceal its essence , which is not only detrimental to the further disclosure of Japanese aggression crimes , but also harmful to the Chinese and the national unity . Therefore , the study has high academic value and practical significance .
This thesis is divided into four chapters . The first chapter mainly expounds the social background of the Korean group tribes in the northeast of Japan . First , the formation and development of the Korean ethnic group villages in the northeast of China are set forth . First , the formation and development of the Korean people ' s gathering villages in the northeast of China are expounded . The agglomeration village is the natural village which the Korean people opened in the northeast of China .
Secondly , by describing Japan ' s long - term " unification " and " utilizing " the policy of " utilizing " the north - east Korean nationality to expand its sphere of influence in the northeast , so as to protect " Japanese subjects " from interfering in China ' s internal affairs , the Chinese people mistakenly believe that the Korean nationality is the " evil root " of Japan ' s invasion of China and the " evil root " of diplomatic conflict .
In the " 9.18 " incident , the majority of the Korean village villages became the main target of the attack of the soldiers of the Northeast Army and the bandits , so that the whole process of large numbers of " refugees " appeared in the Korean society in the northeast , and the root causes of the unjust cause of the Korean people in the Northeast were expounded .
At the same time , the article expounds the social background of the Korean nationality in the northeast of Korea under the political pressure of the Korean nationality in North Korea and the Korean nationality in the northeast of Korea .
The second chapter mainly expounds the process of the group ' s tribal policy in Japan . Firstly , the purpose of the policy of " Group Tribes " is analyzed in Japan . 1 . The content of the name of " Group Tribes " is interpreted , and the mandatory and discriminatory of the group tribes are elucidated ;
2 . A group of tribes built under the guise of " relief " and " protection " of the Korean refugees is the expansion of their sphere of influence in the Korean society in the north - east and the settlement of the Korean families scattered around the north - eastern part of the north - east , so as to carry out " unification " ;
3 . Japan attaches particular importance to " security first doctrine " in the group of building groups , organizes armed self - defence groups , even sets up police stations , construction of walls and blockhouses , on the surface the maintenance of village security , in fact in order to break the link between the people and the anti - Japanese forces ;
4 . Japan ' s construction of Korean immigrants " model countryside " can not only win the hearts of the Korean people , but also promote the group ' s tribal construction model to the Northeast by " version " ;
Secondly , through the macro - analysis of the process , mode of operation , the scale of village , the situation of police and the facilities of the Korean nationality in Northeast China , the author further analyzes the typical rural areas , and expounds the characteristics of the " Group Tribes " of the general government of the DPRK : through the construction of the group tribe , the host Korean " refugees " , the political won the hearts of the Korean people , and strengthened the Japanese colonial rule ;
The military uses the Group ' s tribal anti - Japanese base areas to develop , control and silkworm the anti - Japanese base areas , and distribute them to the second and third zones of the Japanese immigrants , which serve as the " bridge " for the Japanese army to maintain the railway and the main road .
Thirdly , through the elaboration of the aim , the construction process and the mode of operation of the group tribes of the puppet Manchukuo Group , it is stated that the clan of the puppet Manchukuo Group is also the feature of the beginning of the Korean agglomeration area . In conclusion , Japan has built a " firm foundation " for further expansion of the group ' s tribes through the first group of tribal construction , basically hosting the Korean refugees from all parts of the Northeast , and using the tribal control of the construction group and the anti - Japanese base areas .
In the third chapter , the process of expanding the people and group tribes in North Korea is described . First , the status of the group migrant tribes ( 1937 - 1941 ) which is operated by the full - fresh development Co . , Ltd . is studied . In order to control the growing number of Korean immigrants in Northeast China , Japan has changed the " let - off " policy of Korean immigrants to " new regulation " policy .
Secondly , the status of Group Tribes ( 1942 - 1945 ) was studied . During this period , because of the outbreak of the Pacific War , the Northeast has become the rear base of Japan ' s war , and with the intensification of the war , Japan has strengthened the " unified system " of the North Korea ' s exploitation of the tribes of the People ' s Group , and it can be said that the operation period of the whole continent is the last period of the Group ' s tribal construction ;
In order not to obstruct Japan ' s migration plan and to cooperate with the Japanese army ' s " peace and security " , the Korea opened up the ethnic group in the south of the Middle East Railway . In 1940 , to supplement the Japanese immigrants ' shortage , it could not only alleviate the country ' s national contradiction , but also be able to use the Korean farmers to exploit and distribute the people in the region .
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the role and influence of the tribes of the Korean nationality group in the period of the Japanese Pseudo Period . First of all , the damage of the group clan to the anti - Japanese forces is studied . The Japanese army , under the leadership of the Communist Party of China , develops into the Northeast People ' s Revolutionary Army and the Northeast Anti - Japanese Joint Army .
Secondly , the paper studies the protection system and the residents ' access , shopping and sale of all personal freedom in the group tribes , and exposes the essence of the so - called " self - cultivation agriculture creation " , and expounds that the group clan is the " centralized " real state of the Japanese imperialism " unified system " and the exploitation of the northeast Korean farmers ;
Thirdly , study the influence of group tribes on the development of northeast paddy field ;
On the other hand , by studying the influence of group tribes on the development of Korean traditional village culture , the paper clarifies the influence of group tribes on the development of Korean traditional village culture .
2 . The influence of group tribes on the traditional customs of Korean farmers . First , the influence of group tribes on the regional and village forms of Korean traditional villages is expounded .
Secondly , it expounds the influence of group tribes on the traditional clothing culture and health of Korean nationality .
In short , this paper makes a systematic and comprehensive exposition of the historical process of the tribes of the Korean nationality group in the northeast of Japan by using a lot of valuable information , such as local archives , and fills up a blank field in the study of Korean village history , which has certain academic value to enrich and enrich the history of Korean struggle and the study of migration history .
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K265.3
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