湖南驅(qū)張運(yùn)動(dòng)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-15 12:45
【摘要】：1918年3月至1920年6月是北洋直系軍閥張敬堯統(tǒng)治湖南時(shí)期。1917年，孫中山聯(lián)合西南軍閥以“打倒假共和，建立真共和”為口號(hào)，掀起“護(hù)法運(yùn)動(dòng)”。段祺瑞聯(lián)合北洋軍閥各系，以湖南為主要戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，同西南軍閥展開激烈戰(zhàn)斗。1918年3月27日張敬堯被段祺瑞控制的北京政府任命湖南督軍兼省長(zhǎng)。張敬堯在湘期間對(duì)湖南政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會(huì)等各個(gè)方面進(jìn)行殘酷統(tǒng)治，特別是對(duì)湖南教育界的摧殘，給湖南人民帶來(lái)了深重的災(zāi)難。 驅(qū)張運(yùn)動(dòng)的開展是由于張敬堯在湘的暴虐統(tǒng)治以及五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響下開展起來(lái)的。五四運(yùn)動(dòng)爆發(fā)后，湖南愛國(guó)學(xué)生和教育界進(jìn)步人士積極展開聲援活動(dòng)，組織以抵制日貨為中心的反抗活動(dòng)，張敬堯殘酷的鎮(zhèn)壓學(xué)生的愛國(guó)活動(dòng)，使得反日愛國(guó)活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變成驅(qū)張運(yùn)動(dòng)。湖南省學(xué)生聯(lián)合會(huì)和健學(xué)會(huì)的成立領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了驅(qū)張運(yùn)動(dòng)，有利的推動(dòng)驅(qū)張運(yùn)動(dòng)在不同階段的發(fā)展。五四運(yùn)動(dòng)以后的驅(qū)張活動(dòng)，主要集中在配合北京學(xué)生的愛國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)，開展反日愛國(guó)活動(dòng)，加強(qiáng)了報(bào)刊輿論的驅(qū)張宣傳，激發(fā)了湖南人民的愛國(guó)熱情，斗爭(zhēng)的手段以罷課、抵制日貨、輿論宣傳為主。1919年12月2日長(zhǎng)沙各界組織的焚燒日貨大會(huì)被張敬堯鎮(zhèn)壓成為導(dǎo)火索，各界展開大規(guī)模的驅(qū)張活動(dòng)�？偭T課、總罷教成功之后，學(xué)聯(lián)和健學(xué)會(huì)中的進(jìn)步教職員進(jìn)一步研究驅(qū)張的具體辦法，決定派代表團(tuán)赴各地進(jìn)行驅(qū)張請(qǐng)?jiān)复韴F(tuán)的活動(dòng)，以北京、上海、衡陽(yáng)的驅(qū)張影響最大。各地驅(qū)張代表團(tuán)的活動(dòng)，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大了驅(qū)張宣傳，進(jìn)行各種請(qǐng)?jiān)富顒?dòng)，利用軍閥間的矛盾，從政治上軍事上壓迫張敬堯，使張敬堯在政治上處于孤立地位。代表團(tuán)的活動(dòng)在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)形成了一致的驅(qū)張聲勢(shì)，逐漸發(fā)展成為全國(guó)性的愛國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)。同時(shí)，面對(duì)學(xué)聯(lián)和教育界聯(lián)合進(jìn)行的驅(qū)張活動(dòng)，張敬堯也采取了殘酷的鎮(zhèn)壓，企圖撲滅湖南愛國(guó)群眾的反張運(yùn)動(dòng)。驅(qū)張運(yùn)動(dòng)在輿論宣傳和軍事斗爭(zhēng)相配合下取得勝利，最終使暴戾恣睢的張敬堯及其部下于1920年6月11日退出長(zhǎng)沙，，26日撤出岳州，自此張敬堯全部退出湖南。 驅(qū)張運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利，為湖南人民反對(duì)新軍閥斗爭(zhēng)積累了經(jīng)驗(yàn)，懂得了民眾聯(lián)合的力量，也對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)全國(guó)民主革命勢(shì)力的壯大起了鼓舞作用，是湖南人民反對(duì)封建軍閥、倡導(dǎo)民主主義的運(yùn)動(dòng)，也是湖南人民改造湖南、實(shí)行地方自治的嘗試。
[Abstract]:From March 1918 to June 1920, the direct warlord of Beiyang, Zhang Jingyao, ruled Hunan. In 1917, Sun Zhongshan United with the southwest warlords to "overthrow the false republic and establish the true republic" as the slogan, and set off a "law enforcement movement". Duan Qirui United with various departments of the Northern warlords, taking Hunan as the main battlefield, engaged in fierce fighting with the southwestern warlords. On March 27, 1918, Zhang Jingyao was appointed by the Beijing government controlled by Duan Qirui to serve as governor and governor of Hunan. Zhang Jingyao ruthlessly ruled Hunan politics, economy, culture, society and so on during his time in Hunan, especially the destruction of Hunan educational circles, which brought great disaster to Hunan people. The movement was carried out under the influence of the tyrannical rule of Xiang and the May 4th Movement. After the May 4th Movement broke out, patriotic students and progressive figures in education in Hunan actively launched solidarity activities, organized resistance activities centered on resisting Japanese goods, and brutally suppressed patriotic activities among students. The anti-Japanese patriotic activities turned into the drive-out movement. The establishment of Hunan Student Federation and Health Institute led the drive movement, which promoted the development of the movement in different stages. After the May 4th Movement, the activities of driving Zhang mainly focused on cooperating with the patriotic movement of students in Beijing, carrying out anti-Japanese patriotic activities, strengthening the propaganda of the press and public opinion on the expulsion of Zhang, and arousing the patriotic enthusiasm of the people of Hunan and the means of struggle in order to strike off classes. On December 2, 1919, Changsha organized a general meeting on burning Japanese goods, which was suppressed by Zhang Jingyao as a trigger. After the general strike and the general strike, the progressive staff of the Federation of students and the Institute of Health further studied the specific methods of driving Zhang, and decided to send delegations to various places to carry out the activities of the petition delegation, with Beijing, Shanghai and Hengyang having the greatest influence on the drive. The activities of the local delegation have further expanded the propaganda of the drive, carried out various petition activities, exploited the contradictions among warlords, oppressed Zhang Jingyao politically and militarily, and left Zhang Jingyao in a politically isolated position. The delegation's activities formed a consistent national momentum and gradually developed into a national patriotic movement. At the same time, in the face of the joint exorcism carried out by the federation and the educational circles, Zhang Jingyao also adopted a cruel suppression in an attempt to extinguish the anti-Zhang movement of the patriotic masses in Hunan. With the cooperation of public opinion propaganda and military struggle, Zhang Jingyao and his subordinates withdrew from Changsha on June 11, 1920, Yuezhou on June 26, and Zhang Jingyao from Hunan. The victory of the drive against Zhang gave the people of Hunan experience in the struggle against the new warlords, understood the strength of the people's union, and encouraged the strengthening of the democratic revolutionary forces throughout the country at that time. It was the people of Hunan who opposed the feudal warlords. The movement to advocate democracy is also an attempt by the people of Hunan to reform Hunan and practice local autonomy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：K261.5
本文編號(hào)：2124114
[Abstract]:From March 1918 to June 1920, the direct warlord of Beiyang, Zhang Jingyao, ruled Hunan. In 1917, Sun Zhongshan United with the southwest warlords to "overthrow the false republic and establish the true republic" as the slogan, and set off a "law enforcement movement". Duan Qirui United with various departments of the Northern warlords, taking Hunan as the main battlefield, engaged in fierce fighting with the southwestern warlords. On March 27, 1918, Zhang Jingyao was appointed by the Beijing government controlled by Duan Qirui to serve as governor and governor of Hunan. Zhang Jingyao ruthlessly ruled Hunan politics, economy, culture, society and so on during his time in Hunan, especially the destruction of Hunan educational circles, which brought great disaster to Hunan people. The movement was carried out under the influence of the tyrannical rule of Xiang and the May 4th Movement. After the May 4th Movement broke out, patriotic students and progressive figures in education in Hunan actively launched solidarity activities, organized resistance activities centered on resisting Japanese goods, and brutally suppressed patriotic activities among students. The anti-Japanese patriotic activities turned into the drive-out movement. The establishment of Hunan Student Federation and Health Institute led the drive movement, which promoted the development of the movement in different stages. After the May 4th Movement, the activities of driving Zhang mainly focused on cooperating with the patriotic movement of students in Beijing, carrying out anti-Japanese patriotic activities, strengthening the propaganda of the press and public opinion on the expulsion of Zhang, and arousing the patriotic enthusiasm of the people of Hunan and the means of struggle in order to strike off classes. On December 2, 1919, Changsha organized a general meeting on burning Japanese goods, which was suppressed by Zhang Jingyao as a trigger. After the general strike and the general strike, the progressive staff of the Federation of students and the Institute of Health further studied the specific methods of driving Zhang, and decided to send delegations to various places to carry out the activities of the petition delegation, with Beijing, Shanghai and Hengyang having the greatest influence on the drive. The activities of the local delegation have further expanded the propaganda of the drive, carried out various petition activities, exploited the contradictions among warlords, oppressed Zhang Jingyao politically and militarily, and left Zhang Jingyao in a politically isolated position. The delegation's activities formed a consistent national momentum and gradually developed into a national patriotic movement. At the same time, in the face of the joint exorcism carried out by the federation and the educational circles, Zhang Jingyao also adopted a cruel suppression in an attempt to extinguish the anti-Zhang movement of the patriotic masses in Hunan. With the cooperation of public opinion propaganda and military struggle, Zhang Jingyao and his subordinates withdrew from Changsha on June 11, 1920, Yuezhou on June 26, and Zhang Jingyao from Hunan. The victory of the drive against Zhang gave the people of Hunan experience in the struggle against the new warlords, understood the strength of the people's union, and encouraged the strengthening of the democratic revolutionary forces throughout the country at that time. It was the people of Hunan who opposed the feudal warlords. The movement to advocate democracy is also an attempt by the people of Hunan to reform Hunan and practice local autonomy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：K261.5
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