本文選題：清末 + 設(shè)廠高潮��； 參考：《東華大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：近代中國民族工業(yè)一直在火縫中曲折發(fā)展,既要受到本國封建勢力的控制,又被外國列強(qiáng)進(jìn)行壓制。甲午戰(zhàn)爭以后,在國內(nèi)外各種因素的作用下,中國的民族工業(yè)得到了一定的發(fā)展,并掀起了兩次設(shè)廠高潮。第一次設(shè)廠高潮(1895-1898年)是甲午戰(zhàn)爭以后中國民間的“設(shè)廠自救”；第二次設(shè)廠高潮(1905-1908年)則是在清政府實(shí)施新政改革,首次倡導(dǎo)的自上而下的“振興實(shí)業(yè)”。在不同時(shí)期的投資設(shè)廠環(huán)境中,兩次設(shè)廠高潮也呈現(xiàn)了不同的特性。兩次設(shè)廠高潮對(duì)近代中國民族工業(yè)起到了非常大的影響,尤其以第二次設(shè)廠運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響更為深遠(yuǎn)。第二次設(shè)廠高潮是整個(gè)清王朝時(shí)期,投資設(shè)廠數(shù)量最多,創(chuàng)辦資金最多,經(jīng)營效益最好的一個(gè)時(shí)段,在這個(gè)階段設(shè)廠高潮雖然持續(xù)時(shí)間不長,但民族工業(yè)獲得了前所未有的大發(fā)展。 第二次設(shè)廠高潮的出現(xiàn)除了清末新政經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的推動(dòng),還受到了日俄戰(zhàn)爭、抵制洋貨運(yùn)動(dòng)、收回利權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)等綜合因素的影響。在這難得的幾年時(shí)間里面,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展非常明顯,民族資產(chǎn)階級(jí)隊(duì)伍得到壯大商人的社會(huì)地位得到提高。這也是封建王朝首次開始改變重農(nóng)抑商的傳統(tǒng),其中具有的意義和影響更為深遠(yuǎn)。此次設(shè)廠高湖涉及到的不僅僅是經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,更是反映全社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)意識(shí)與投資觀念的演進(jìn)、企業(yè)管理水平的高低、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的好壞以及政府行為的優(yōu)劣等,因此此次設(shè)廠高潮,實(shí)際上也是社會(huì)全而近代化的一個(gè)側(cè)影。 本文研究民族資本投資設(shè)廠,將研究范圍擴(kuò)展到所有中國人的投資設(shè)廠中,改變了以往設(shè)廠高潮僅以民間設(shè)廠為研究對(duì)象的情況,力求更加全面的展現(xiàn)近代中國民族工業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。逐一分析第二次設(shè)廠‘高潮產(chǎn)生的原因和背景,對(duì)比分析第二次設(shè)廠高潮的成功與不足,并深入挖掘其中的內(nèi)在原因。力求客觀評(píng)價(jià)第二次設(shè)廠高潮的影響和意義。第二次設(shè)廠高潮可以說是當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)變局在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的一次體現(xiàn),設(shè)廠高潮凸顯了近代中國民族工業(yè)的發(fā)展之曲折,也表明了社會(huì)近代化的步履維艱。第二次設(shè)廠高潮對(duì)中國社會(huì)近代化不僅提供了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的動(dòng)力,而且正是在這一次設(shè)廠高潮中,工業(yè)化近代化使得民眾的思想日趨開放,對(duì)新事物、新思想的接受能力更強(qiáng),也加速了中國近代的民主化進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese national industry has been tortuous development in the fire, not only by the control of the feudal forces, but also by foreign powers to suppress. After the Sino-Japanese War, under the influence of various factors at home and abroad, China's national industry developed to a certain extent, and set off two climaxes of setting up factories. The first climax (1895-1898) was the "self-saving" of the Chinese folk after the Sino-Japanese War, and the second (1905-1908) was the top-down "revitalizing industry" initiated by the Qing government. In the environment of investment and establishment in different periods, the climax of setting up two factories also presents different characteristics. The two climax of setting up a factory had a great influence on the modern Chinese national industry, especially the influence of the second factory setting up movement. The second climax of setting up a factory was the period of the whole Qing Dynasty, in which the number of factories was the largest, the capital was the largest, and the operating efficiency was the best. The climax of setting up a factory at this stage did not last long, However, the national industry has achieved unprecedented development. In addition to the promotion of the economic reform of the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty, the emergence of the second high tide of setting up factories was also influenced by the comprehensive factors such as the Japanese-Russian War, the movement of resisting foreign goods, and the movement of recovering rights and interests. In this rare period of several years, the economic development is very obvious, the national bourgeoisie troop obtains the strength merchant's social status obtains the enhancement. It was also the first time that the feudal dynasty began to change the tradition of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, which had more profound significance and influence. The establishment of this plant involves not only economic development, but also the evolution of the whole society's economic consciousness and investment concept, the level of enterprise management, the quality of the social and economic environment, and the merits and demerits of the government's behavior, etc. Therefore, the high tide of the establishment of the factory, in fact, is also a whole and modern society of a silhouette. This article studies the national capital investment to set up the factory, will expand the research scope to all the Chinese investment to set up the factory, has changed the previous establishment climax only takes the folk establishment factory as the research object. Strive for a more comprehensive display of the development of modern China's national industry. This paper analyzes the cause and background of the second high tide of setting up a factory one by one, compares and analyzes the success and deficiency of the second high tide of setting up a factory, and excavates deeply the internal reasons among them. To objectively evaluate the impact and significance of the second high tide of setting up a plant. The second high tide of setting up a factory can be said to be a reflection of the social change in economy at that time. The high tide of setting up a factory highlights the twists and turns of the development of the modern Chinese national industry, and it also shows that the modernization of the society is difficult. The second high tide of setting up a factory not only provided an economic impetus for the modernization of Chinese society, but also made the people's thinking more open and more receptive to new things and new ideas as a result of the industrialization modernization. It also accelerated the process of democratization in modern China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F279.29;K257

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本文編號(hào)：2112920