本文選題：石家莊地區(qū) + 還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)�。� 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利后不久,即1945年8月20日,以侯如墉為司令的國民黨第一戰(zhàn)區(qū)先遣軍經(jīng)平漢線搶占了石門(今石家莊)。而后,伴隨著石家莊地區(qū)一些縣城的解放和解放區(qū)反奸清算、土地改革的進(jìn)行,高邑、贊皇等一些解放較早的解放區(qū)的反動地主和抗戰(zhàn)時期充當(dāng)走狗的漢奸、特務(wù)、惡霸和偽軍紛紛逃亡到當(dāng)時尚未解放的一些縣城和據(jù)點(diǎn),投靠在國民黨武裝的門下,接受當(dāng)?shù)貒顸h地方黨部、政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),組成黨政軍合一的國民黨地方反動武裝——還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)。 石家莊地區(qū)的還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)主要集中在元氏縣城和一些解放較晚的縣城,人數(shù)大都在幾十人至上百人不等,常以大隊(隊)為一級單位,下設(shè)分隊、班。一個大隊大都包括3-4個班,每班十個人左右。還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)分子年齡從18歲-40歲不等,成員大都來自本縣,少數(shù)來自外縣;文化程度不高,官長一級的大都是國民黨黨員,在日偽時期大都在政府機(jī)構(gòu)中任過職;而普通士兵來源復(fù)雜,大多數(shù)為農(nóng)民,少數(shù)有工人、商人、學(xué)生、政府機(jī)關(guān)人員以及原日偽警察局人員,沒有受過正規(guī)的軍事訓(xùn)練。各縣還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)、隊大都缺乏武器,不能做到人手一槍,槍支大都配備步槍、馬槍,少數(shù)還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)配有少量輕機(jī)槍、手榴彈、手?jǐn)S彈;槍支種類不一,品種復(fù)雜;彈藥供應(yīng)不足。還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)每月由當(dāng)?shù)貒顸h縣政府撥付一定數(shù)額的生活補(bǔ)助、薪俸、薪捕,按照官階的不同,還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)成員分別領(lǐng)取不同的數(shù)額。有的還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)、隊還制定了統(tǒng)一的服裝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。軍糧除了由當(dāng)?shù)貒顸h縣政府供應(yīng)一部分外,大部分需自己解決,還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)為此在邊沿區(qū)的農(nóng)村里建立了由本村保長負(fù)責(zé)催繳軍糧的制度。還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)、隊建立了比較嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練制度。在日常訓(xùn)練中,還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)有固定的訓(xùn)練時間、科目、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、守則和步兵訓(xùn)練方法,并通過建立戰(zhàn)斗報告制度、開設(shè)干訓(xùn)班、召開聯(lián)合座談會、開展聯(lián)防等措施妄圖增強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)斗力。還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)的軍紀(jì)軍風(fēng)狀況欠佳。帶隊官長不盡管理訓(xùn)練的責(zé)任,士兵也經(jīng)常不遵守規(guī)則,日常行為非常不端。為此,還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)建立了戰(zhàn)斗報告制度、工作日志制度,并通過加強(qiáng)日常教育、成立軍風(fēng)軍紀(jì)調(diào)查團(tuán)、設(shè)立執(zhí)法大隊糾察不正之風(fēng)和簽署保證書等多種措施加強(qiáng)軍紀(jì)軍風(fēng)建設(shè)。在國民黨地方部隊的配合下,還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)勾結(jié)解放區(qū)的反動地主,利用夜晚偷襲解放區(qū),破壞解放區(qū)土改運(yùn)動,進(jìn)行階級報復(fù),專殺革命干部、土改積極分子及其家屬,手段極其殘忍,在元氏、高邑等縣的邊沿地區(qū)對人民群眾犯下了滔天罪行。 為了打擊還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)的囂張氣焰,石家莊地區(qū)解放區(qū)的黨委、政府組織人民群眾通過策略瓦解和武裝斗爭相結(jié)合的形式展開了反還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)的斗爭。一方面,采取政治攻勢,思想瓦解,樹立坦白釋放的典型,以便從精神上瓦解敵人;深入進(jìn)行土地改革,鞏固解放區(qū),加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基層政權(quán);充分發(fā)揮縣公安局的重要作用,加強(qiáng)社會治安管理,加強(qiáng)公安偵察工作;發(fā)展市場、開展貿(mào)易活動,鞏固解放區(qū)。另一方面,加強(qiáng)地方武裝力量建設(shè),開展民兵聯(lián)防、游擊戰(zhàn)、地雷戰(zhàn)、地道戰(zhàn)。伴隨著解放戰(zhàn)爭進(jìn)程的推進(jìn),正定、石家莊、元氏等地的紛紛解放,石家莊地區(qū)的還鄉(xiāng)團(tuán)終于覆滅。
[Abstract]:Shortly after the victory of the war of resistance against Japan, that is, in August 20, 1945, the first army of the Kuomintang, with Hou Ruyong as the commander of the Kuomintang, seized Shimen (today's Shijiazhuang). Then, with the liberation of some counties in Shijiazhuang and the liquidation of anti traitors in Jiefang District, the reform of the land, the reactionary of Jiefang District in Gaoyi, Zanhuang and other earlier liberated Jiefang District. The landlords and the traitors who acted as a walking dog in the period of the war of resistance, the secret service, the bully and the puppet army fled to some of the county towns and strongholds that had not been liberated at that time, and were placed under the door of the Kuomintang armed forces, accepted the local Party Department of the local Kuomintang, the leadership of the government, and formed the reactionary armed forces of the Kuomintang and the army of the party, government and army, the reactionary army of the Kuomintang.
The return regiments in the Shijiazhuang area are mainly concentrated in the Yuanshi County and some of the late county towns. The number of people is mostly in the top hundred people of dozens of people, often with a brigade (team) as a first level unit, a division, and a class. A large team consists of 3-4 classes and ten people in each class. The age of the return group is from the age of 18 to the age of -40, and the members are mostly from Ben County, a few from foreign counties; not high level of culture, most of the officials at the official level are party members of the Kuomintang, mostly in the period of the Japanese puppet government, and most of the ordinary soldiers have complex sources, most of them are farmers, a few workers, businessmen, students, government officials and former puppet police officers, and there are no regular military training. The counties have no formal military training. For the return of the township, the team is mostly lack of weapons and can not be shot by people. Most of the guns are equipped with rifles and horse guns. A small number of returning homecoming groups are equipped with a small amount of light machine guns, hand grenades, hand throwing bombs, different kinds of firearms, complex varieties of guns, and inadequate ammunition supply. On the other hand, the members of the homecoming group received a different amount. Some returned to the village, and the team also set up a uniform standard of clothing. In addition to the local Kuomintang county government supply, the military grain needs to be solved by the local Kuomintang county government. In the daily training, the returning home regiment has fixed training time, subjects, standards, codes and infantry training methods, and through the establishment of a combat report system, a training class, a joint forum, a joint defense and other measures to enhance the fighting capacity. The military discipline of the return group is not good. The leader of the team is not in spite of it. Because of the responsibility of training, the soldiers often do not obey the rules, and the daily behavior is very misleading. To this end, the returning home group established the fighting report system, the work log system, and by strengthening the daily education, set up the military discipline investigation group, set up the law enforcement Brigade to inspect the unhealthy tendency and sign the guarantee book and so on to strengthen the military discipline construction. With the cooperation of the local forces of the party, the reactionaries colluded the reactionary landlords in Jiefang District, attacked Jiefang District by night, destroyed the Jiefang District soil reform movement, carried out class retaliation, killed the revolutionary cadres, reformed the activists and their families, and made the cruelty to the people in the border areas of the yuan and Gaoyi counties.
In order to combat the arrogance of the return regiment, the Party committee of Jiefang District in Shijiazhuang and the government organized the people through the combination of strategic disintegration and armed struggle. On the one hand, the political offensive, the disintegration of the thought and the candid release of the canonical form in order to disintegrate the enemy spiritually; and carry out land reform in depth. In order to consolidate Jiefang District and strengthen grass-roots political power in rural areas, give full play to the important role of the County Public Security Bureau, strengthen the management of public security, strengthen the police reconnaissance work, develop the market, carry out trade activities and consolidate Jiefang District. On the other hand, strengthen the construction of local armed forces, carry out the militia joint defense, guerrilla warfare, landmine warfare, and ground war. The progress of the process, Zhengding, Shijiazhuang, Yuanshi and other places were liberated, and the return of the Shijiazhuang area finally collapsed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K266.9

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