本文選題：涉縣 + 農(nóng)村��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：1940年代,涉縣農(nóng)村合作化運(yùn)動在傳統(tǒng)民間互助形式的基礎(chǔ)上興起發(fā)展起來。1942年以后,中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的涉縣民主政府為實(shí)現(xiàn)“合理負(fù)擔(dān)”,保障抗日戰(zhàn)爭與解放戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期的軍需民用,組織農(nóng)民開展了農(nóng)村合作化運(yùn)動。在農(nóng)村合作化運(yùn)動初期,互助組大多延續(xù)以往的撥工、變工傳統(tǒng)而發(fā)展,隨著運(yùn)動深入,互助組的組織性與計(jì)劃性增強(qiáng),涉縣農(nóng)村合作化運(yùn)動達(dá)到了一定規(guī)模,但強(qiáng)迫編組、虛報(bào)謊報(bào)等問題也相繼暴露,加之大量青壯年參戰(zhàn)支前,農(nóng)村勞動力減少,干部群眾對互助組進(jìn)行了合并改造。在“新富農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)”發(fā)展的態(tài)勢下,涉縣農(nóng)村合作化運(yùn)動在組織形式與規(guī)模上均達(dá)到了新的水平,以互助組為基礎(chǔ),勞資結(jié)合的小型合作社得到發(fā)展。中共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)涉縣干部群眾建立新的合作社,整頓舊有合作社,要求合作社以扶助農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)為主,實(shí)行農(nóng)副業(yè)相結(jié)合。1946年后,通過對土地改革“斗爭果實(shí)”的分配,農(nóng)村群眾的合作生產(chǎn)熱情有所提高,但也出現(xiàn)了“極端貧雇路線”等問題。涉縣農(nóng)村干部群眾在中共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,逐漸糾正合作化運(yùn)動中的“左”傾偏向,進(jìn)一步整頓互助組。至1949年,涉縣的農(nóng)村合作社開始與公營經(jīng)濟(jì)相結(jié)合,合作化運(yùn)動迎來了新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。此期的農(nóng)村合作化運(yùn)動也為新中國成立后中國農(nóng)業(yè)的集體化提供了經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。這一運(yùn)動是在中共這一外力作用的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)促進(jìn)下,使基于鄉(xiāng)誼與人性本能的涉縣民間互助逐漸走向現(xiàn)代合作的過程。合作化運(yùn)動的發(fā)展,為涉縣農(nóng)村群眾提高勞動效率、擴(kuò)大耕地面積、增加糧產(chǎn)、戰(zhàn)勝自然災(zāi)害,以及支援抗日戰(zhàn)爭與解放戰(zhàn)爭,提供了一定的組織及物資保障。
[Abstract]:In the 1940s, the rural cooperative movement in Shexian County rose and developed on the basis of the traditional form of mutual assistance among the people. After 1942, the democratic government of Shexian County led by the Communist Party of China realized the "reasonable burden". During the War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation, the peasants were organized to carry out the rural cooperative movement. In the early stage of the rural cooperative movement, most of the mutual-aid groups continued the past work, changed the tradition and developed. With the deepening of the movement, the organization and planning of the mutual-aid groups increased, the rural cooperative movement in Shexian reached a certain scale, but forced organization. Problems such as false reports and false reports have been exposed one after another, in addition, a large number of young and middle-aged people joined the war, the rural labor force was reduced, and the cadres and the masses merged and reformed the mutual aid groups. With the development of "the new rich peasant economy", the rural cooperative movement in Shexian has reached a new level in the form and scale of organization, and the small co-operatives, which are based on mutual aid groups and combined with labor and management, have been developed. The Communist Party of China led cadres and the masses in county areas to set up new co-operatives and to rectify the old co-operatives, demanding that the co-operatives should give priority to supporting agricultural production and implement the combination of agricultural and sideline activities. After 1946, through the distribution of the fruits of the "struggle" for land reform, Rural people's enthusiasm for cooperative production has improved, but there are also problems such as extreme poverty and employment. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, cadres and masses in rural areas in Shexian County have gradually rectified the "left" bias in the cooperative movement and further rectified the mutual aid groups. In 1949, the rural cooperatives in Shexian began to combine with the public economy, and the cooperative movement ushered in new opportunities for development. The rural cooperative movement also provided experiences and lessons for the collectivization of Chinese agriculture after the founding of New China. This movement was promoted by the leadership of the external force of the Communist Party of China, which made the civil mutual assistance based on the rural friendship and human instinct gradually move towards the modern cooperation process. The development of the cooperative movement provided a certain organization and material guarantee for the rural masses in Shexian to improve their labor efficiency, expand the area of cultivated land, increase grain production, overcome natural disasters, and support the War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K26

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