發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-23 09:17

  本文選題：抗戰(zhàn) + 江西��； 參考：《江西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文主要在檔案文獻(xiàn)、縣志等地方史料的基礎(chǔ)上，考察了食糖專賣制度制定的背景、在江西的落實(shí)情形、實(shí)際運(yùn)作概況以及對(duì)江西地方社會(huì)和國民政府的影響。食糖專賣作為一項(xiàng)新政策、新興事業(yè)，對(duì)制定政策、制度到實(shí)際運(yùn)作整個(gè)過程進(jìn)行研究，有利于為我們國家當(dāng)今推行新政策改革提供重大的借鑒意義。 抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期，國民政府軍費(fèi)開支龐大、財(cái)政收入劇減、物價(jià)飛漲、赤字驚人。面臨如此嚴(yán)峻的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，國民政府為了增加財(cái)政收入、平抑物價(jià)、保障軍需等目的將食糖列為專賣物品，食糖專賣便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 戰(zhàn)時(shí)又由于洋糖進(jìn)口受阻，沿海產(chǎn)糖省份淪陷，給江西制糖業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了有利時(shí)機(jī)，而且在當(dāng)時(shí)形勢(shì)下江西具有被稱為“前方的后方，后方的前方”的特殊的軍事戰(zhàn)略位置，所以國民政府毅然在江西設(shè)立食糖專賣分局，并于1942年9月成立閩贛區(qū)食糖專賣機(jī)關(guān)，江西在贛縣、吉安、臨川、南康和上饒等五處設(shè)立了食糖專賣分局。 在制度層面，國民政府規(guī)定食糖專賣采取民產(chǎn)、官收、官（商）運(yùn)、商銷原則，并且按收購價(jià)格征收30%的專賣利益。為了保證食糖專賣的順利推行，國民政府對(duì)蔗農(nóng)、制糖廠商在產(chǎn)制、收購、運(yùn)銷等各方面都制定了詳細(xì)的規(guī)章制度，而且對(duì)從業(yè)人員在選拔、請(qǐng)假考勤等細(xì)節(jié)上也有明文規(guī)定。但同時(shí)值得注意的是，作為新政策的食糖專賣過程并不是一帆風(fēng)順的，實(shí)際運(yùn)作中因資金缺乏難以實(shí)行“官收”原則，而是委托商人代購，這影響了專賣實(shí)施的效果，另外也遭遇到人才缺乏、糖荒、基層急進(jìn)冒功等困境。 雖然食糖專賣政策推行只達(dá)兩年之久，但影響卻不容忽視，一方面它有利于國民政府增加財(cái)政收入，推動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)鼐凭雀碑a(chǎn)品的發(fā)展，對(duì)持久作戰(zhàn)做出一定貢獻(xiàn)；另一方面它卻違背市場(chǎng)價(jià)值規(guī)律，損害蔗農(nóng)、糖商和消費(fèi)者的利益，，使甘蔗減產(chǎn)、糖商停業(yè)，抑制了江西糖業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展；而且從長遠(yuǎn)來看，它有損國民政府在公眾心目中的形象。
[Abstract]:Based on the local historical materials such as archival documents and county records, this paper examines the background of the establishment of sugar monopoly system, its implementation in Jiangxi, its actual operation and its influence on the local society and the national government in Jiangxi. As a new policy and new enterprise, sugar monopoly studies the whole process of making policy, system and actual operation, which is helpful for our country to carry out the reform of new policy. During the War of Resistance against Japan, the national government spent a great deal of money on military affairs, suffered a sharp drop in fiscal revenue, soaring prices and a staggering deficit. Faced with such a severe economic situation, the national government listed sugar as an exclusive item in order to increase fiscal revenue, stabilize prices and ensure military supplies, and sugar monopoly came into being. During the war, the import of foreign sugar was blocked, and the coastal sugar-producing provinces fell, which provided a favorable opportunity for the development of the sugar industry in Jiangxi. Moreover, under the circumstances at that time, Jiangxi had a special military strategic position called "the rear front, the rear front". Therefore, the National Government resolutely set up sugar monopoly sub-bureau in Jiangxi, and set up sugar monopoly office in Fujian and Jiangxi in September 1942. Jiangxi set up sugar monopoly sub-bureau in Ganxian, Ji'an, Linchuan, Nankang and Shangrao. At the system level, the National Government stipulated that sugar monopoly should adopt the principles of private products, official revenue, official (commercial) transportation and commercial sales, and levy 30% monopoly interest according to the purchase price. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of sugar monopoly, the National Government has formulated detailed rules and regulations for sugarcane farmers, sugar manufacturers in the production system, purchase, transportation and marketing, and also has explicit regulations on the selection, absence and attendance of employees. But at the same time, it is worth noting that the process of sugar monopoly, as a new policy, is not smooth sailing. In actual operation, it is difficult to implement the principle of "official collection" because of lack of funds. Instead, it is entrusted to the merchant to purchase it on behalf, which has affected the effect of the implementation of the monopoly. In addition, it also encountered a lack of talent, sugar shortage, and so on. Although the policy of sugar monopoly has been implemented for only two years, the influence can not be ignored. On the one hand, it is beneficial to the national government to increase the revenue, promote the development of local alcohol and other by-products, and make a certain contribution to the lasting war. On the other hand, it violates the law of market value, harms the interests of sugarcane farmers, sugar traders and consumers, reduces the production of sugar cane, closes down sugar merchants, and suppresses the development of Jiangxi's sugar industry economy. In the long run, it also inhibits the development of the sugar industry economy in Jiangxi Province. It tarnishes the image of the national government in the eyes of the public.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F729;K265

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 卿樹濤;論抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期國民政府專賣政策對(duì)財(cái)政危機(jī)的影響[J];江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2004年06期

2 羅贛豐;劉小全;張遠(yuǎn)福;孫火喜;;江西甘蔗品種改良的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展對(duì)策[J];江西農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào);2007年08期

3 于少海;試論明清贛南商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展[J];江西師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1997年01期

4 張兆金;;清末民國時(shí)期洋糖沖擊與贛南糖業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)措施分析[J];南昌高專學(xué)報(bào);2010年03期

5 張兆金;王常啟;;清末民國時(shí)期贛南糖業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)與市場(chǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)[J];農(nóng)業(yè)考古;2008年06期

6 丁孝智;孔祥熙戰(zhàn)時(shí)財(cái)政政策及其評(píng)價(jià)[J];西北師大學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1996年02期

7 覃玉榮;邱曉磊;張繼汝;;抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期川康區(qū)食糖專賣政策對(duì)內(nèi)江糖業(yè)的影響[J];西南交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2009年03期

8 曹樹基;明清時(shí)期的流民和贛南山區(qū)的開發(fā)[J];中國農(nóng)史;1985年04期

9 萬振凡;論近代江西農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的制約因素[J];中國社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)史研究;2004年04期

本文編號(hào)：2056636