發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-22 02:44

  本文選題：民國時(shí)期 + 冀南　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 東漢末年以來,秘密社會(huì)作為反政府的力量長期存在,雖經(jīng)歷代統(tǒng)治者采取嚴(yán)厲鎮(zhèn)壓措施,但是始終難以將其根絕。清末民初,秘密社會(huì)逐漸發(fā)生蛻變,民間秘密教門發(fā)展為會(huì)道門。民國時(shí)期,由于國家的控制力減弱,會(huì)道門得到了大發(fā)展,有的在社會(huì)上公開活動(dòng),成為社會(huì)公益團(tuán)體或慈善團(tuán)體；有的則擁有武裝力量,成為民間地方政治勢力的統(tǒng)治者,對社會(huì)政治、軍事等方面產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。 冀南位于晉冀魯豫四省交界地區(qū)。由于政府控制力比較薄弱,造成了冀南、魯西、豫北等地的匪患嚴(yán)重,秘密教門活動(dòng)頻繁。冀南的秘密教門歷史悠久,是明清時(shí)期多種秘密教門的發(fā)源地或活動(dòng)地,并多次爆發(fā)反政府的武裝起義。民國時(shí)期,戰(zhàn)亂不斷,政府對地方的控制比較薄弱,缺乏穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)環(huán)境。面對嚴(yán)重的匪患,冀南地方士紳組織民團(tuán)來防御土匪,而民團(tuán)有很大一部分就是由會(huì)道門武裝發(fā)展而來,成為他們維護(hù)鄉(xiāng)村統(tǒng)治的有力工具。 本文以民國時(shí)期的會(huì)道門為例,按照民國時(shí)期的四個(gè)階段,來展示在不同時(shí)期冀南地區(qū)會(huì)道門的發(fā)展情況。北洋軍閥政府時(shí)期,由于軍閥混戰(zhàn),土匪蜂起,會(huì)道門武裝的最初活動(dòng)主要是抵御土匪。國民軍北伐時(shí),由于奉系軍閥的橫征暴斂,在共產(chǎn)黨的指導(dǎo)下,會(huì)道門發(fā)動(dòng)了反對苛捐雜稅、打倒軍閥的活動(dòng),對國民大革命起了支持作用。南京國民政府時(shí)期,社會(huì)的相對穩(wěn)定,會(huì)道門的反政府活動(dòng)日益減少,主要活動(dòng)表現(xiàn)為是新式會(huì)道門的慈善活動(dòng)。抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,由于日軍的入侵,社會(huì)再次失控,會(huì)道門第二次興起,幾乎各縣各村都有會(huì)道門組織,形成了強(qiáng)大的民間武裝力量。共產(chǎn)黨、國民黨、日偽軍對會(huì)道門采取了不同的政策,在不同的政治勢力的角逐面前,會(huì)道門出現(xiàn)了前所未有的分化,有的成為日寇的侵略工具,有的成為國民黨的反共工具,有的則在共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下成長為抗日力量。解放戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期,會(huì)道門基本投向國民黨,與中共為敵,進(jìn)行各種破壞活動(dòng),但是在共產(chǎn)黨的打擊下,會(huì)道門勢力隨著國民黨的日漸敗退而趨于衰落。建國后,由于利益的不同和會(huì)道門對新生政權(quán)的危害性,中共政權(quán)對冀南會(huì)道門進(jìn)行了徹底的取締。
[Abstract]:Since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the secret society, as a force against the government, has existed for a long time. In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the secret society gradually changed. During the period of the Republic of China, due to the weakening of the state's control, the Huidaogen was greatly developed. Some of them openly carried out activities in society and became public welfare organizations or charitable organizations. Some of them had armed forces and became rulers of local political forces among the people. To the social politics, the military and so on has produced the huge influence. Southern Hebei is located at the junction of Shanxi, Hebei and Henan provinces. Because of the weak government control, the banditry in southern Hebei, western Shandong and northern Henan is serious, and secret teaching activities are frequent. The secret sect in southern Hebei Province has a long history. It was the birthplace or activity place of many secret schools in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and many armed uprisings against the government broke out. During the period of Republic of China, the government had weak control over local areas and lacked a stable social environment. In the face of serious banditry, the local gentry in southern Hebei organized the militia to defend against the bandits, and a large part of the militia was developed by the armed forces of Huidaomen and became a powerful tool for their maintenance of rural rule. This paper takes the Huidaomen of the Republic of China as an example, according to the four stages of the Republic of China, to show the development of the Huidaomen in the south of Hebei Province in different periods. During the period of the Northern warlord government, because of the warlords' melee, bandits started up, and the initial activities of the Huidaomen armed were mainly to resist the bandits. During the Northern Expedition of the National Army, under the guidance of the Communist Party, the Guidaomen launched the campaign against exorbitant taxes and overthrew the warlords, which played a supporting role in the National Revolution. During the period of Nanjing National Government, the society was relatively stable, and the anti-government activities of Huidaomen were decreasing day by day. During the Anti-Japanese War, due to the invasion of the Japanese army, the society lost control again, the second rise of Huidaomen, almost every county and every village has the organization of the Huidaomen, formed the powerful folk armed forces. The Communist Party, the Kuomintang, and the Japanese puppet troops have adopted different policies towards the Hui Dao Gate. In the face of the competition of different political forces, there has been an unprecedented division in the club-Taoist gate, which has become an aggressive tool of the Japanese aggressors and an anti-communist tool of the Kuomintang. Some have grown into anti-Japanese forces under the leadership of the Communist Party. During the War of Liberation, the Huidaogen basically turned to the Kuomintang, became the enemy of the Chinese Communist Party, and carried out all kinds of sabotage activities. However, under the attack of the Communist Party, the forces of the Hui Dao Gate tended to decline with the gradual defeat of the Kuomintang. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, because of the difference of interests and the harmfulness to the new regime, the Communist regime completely banned the Huidaomen in the south of Hebei Province.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K262.9

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本文編號：2051203