本文選題：私立大學(xué) + 請改國立運(yùn)動(dòng)��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：清末國人以與西方進(jìn)行"學(xué)戰(zhàn)"為目的,倡設(shè)私立大學(xué)。以后見之明觀之,私立大學(xué)最終"不行于吾國",其"何以不行于吾國"由此成為值得探討的問題。國人自辦私立大學(xué),往往自命負(fù)有某種教育或社會(huì)理想,在民國時(shí)期也曾一度居半壁江山之地位。隨著國民政府國家教育文化預(yù)算的建立,國立大學(xué)紛紛實(shí)現(xiàn)"國款辦國學(xué)",完成"再國立化"。私立大學(xué)因?yàn)槿狈ο鄬Ψ�(wěn)定的財(cái)源,相形之下,在師資、設(shè)備等方面逐漸處于劣勢。社會(huì)上亦形成歆羨"國立"的心理�？箲�(zhàn)前后,"請改國立"成為部分私立大學(xué)的一種生存策略。光華大學(xué)成都分部抗戰(zhàn)勝利后"永久留川",易名"成華",私立成華大學(xué)由此立校。學(xué)生以此為契機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)風(fēng)潮,請求政府接辦,理性地追逐"國家"名號(hào)背后蘊(yùn)含的實(shí)利。國民政府受限于財(cái)政能力無法因應(yīng)私立大學(xué)的請求,學(xué)生"以國立求生存"的訴求暫時(shí)潛伏。私立成華大學(xué)由四川地方實(shí)力人物掌控,呈現(xiàn)出一種鮮明的"地域性"色彩,遠(yuǎn)離中央政權(quán),只得依托地方辦學(xué)。川籍校董利用其在軍政商各界編織的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò),為學(xué)�；I措辦學(xué)資金。但以此種方式募集的經(jīng)費(fèi)或是建立在私人關(guān)系上的人情往來,或帶有較強(qiáng)的功利目的,且以一次性、隨機(jī)性捐贈(zèng)為主,遠(yuǎn)無法滿足私立大學(xué)持續(xù)性的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)需要。校董們不僅身兼數(shù)職,且領(lǐng)有多校董事頭銜,故不能專責(zé)于學(xué)校事務(wù)。國共內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)、地方財(cái)政惡化、持續(xù)惡性的通貨膨脹、公眾淡薄的公益意識(shí)、成華大學(xué)本身辦學(xué)成績不彰等內(nèi)外因素相互交織,邊緣私立大學(xué)漸步入過分依賴學(xué)費(fèi)辦學(xué)的生存困局,辦學(xué)定位亦隨之迷失。私立大學(xué)依靠社會(huì)資源辦學(xué),遠(yuǎn)離政治喧囂,本應(yīng)處于國家權(quán)力系統(tǒng)的邊緣地帶。但川省地方實(shí)力派與地方黨團(tuán)勢力發(fā)生抵牾,私立成華大學(xué)身處其間,校園空間亦隨之成為政治角逐的場域。學(xué)校本身的生存危機(jī)成為政治動(dòng)員的一大法寶,"請改國立"風(fēng)潮再起,學(xué)潮與政潮相互激蕩,大學(xué)難以"獨(dú)善其身",發(fā)展受到極大的影響。中共建政后,私立成華大學(xué)在大學(xué)體制、管理體制、教學(xué)體制、招生、畢業(yè)生就業(yè)等多個(gè)方面,受到新政權(quán)的監(jiān)管與改造;學(xué)校自身也積極迎合政府需要突出其以財(cái)經(jīng)系科為重點(diǎn)的辦學(xué)特色,進(jìn)而不斷獲得西南文教部的經(jīng)費(fèi)補(bǔ)助,向死而生的過程中呈現(xiàn)出些許生氣,"名實(shí)"亦發(fā)生錯(cuò)位,最終以"公立化"作結(jié)。西方私立大學(xué)因政治與宗教的二元格局、社會(huì)自治的傳統(tǒng)與機(jī)制,得以始終保有獨(dú)立性與自治性,并維持充足的生存空間。近代中國社會(huì)卻在"國進(jìn)民退"中無力抵御國家權(quán)力的下移,且未能建立起公眾持續(xù)捐款、學(xué)校吸取社會(huì)資源再回饋社會(huì)的良性循環(huán)與制度性機(jī)制。身處其間的私立大學(xué)不得不向國家政權(quán)靠攏,"以國立求生存"。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese set up private universities for the purpose of "learning war" with the West. In the future, private universities "can't do to our country", so why not "not in our country" has become a problem worthy of discussion. People who run their own private universities often claim to have a certain educational or social ideal, and once occupied half of the status in the Republic of China. With the establishment of the national education and culture budget of the National Government, the national universities have realized the "national funds to run the national learning", and completed the "re-nationalization". Private universities, by contrast, are at a disadvantage in terms of teachers, equipment and so on for lack of relatively stable financial resources. The society also formed the mentality of envying the "state". Before and after the War of Resistance against Japan, please change the state to become a survival strategy of some private universities. Guanghua University Chengdu branch after the victory, "permanent stay in Sichuan", renamed "Cheng Hua", the private Chenghua University set up the school. Students take this opportunity to launch a wave, asking the government to take over, rational pursuit of the "country" behind the name of the real interests. The national government is unable to cope with the request of private universities by its limited financial capacity, so the demand of students to "make a living by the state" is temporarily lurking. The private Chenghua University is controlled by the local power figures in Sichuan Province, showing a distinct "regional" color, far from the central government, and only relying on local schools. Sichuan school managers use the social network they weave in the military, government and business sectors to raise funds for the schools. However, the funds raised in this way are either based on personal relations, or have a strong utilitarian purpose, and are mainly one-off, random donations, which can not meet the needs of the continuous operation of private universities. Managers are not only in multiple roles, but also have multiple school board titles, so they are not responsible for school affairs. Internal and external factors such as the outbreak of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the deterioration of local finances, the persistent hyperinflation, the weak public awareness of the public, and the lack of achievements of Chenghua University itself are intertwined. Marginal private universities have gradually entered the dilemma of relying too much on tuition fees to run schools, and the orientation of running schools has also been lost. Private universities rely on social resources to run schools, away from the political uproar, should be on the margins of the state power system. However, there are contradictions between the local power schools and the local party groups in Sichuan Province, and the private Chenghua University is in the middle, and the campus space also becomes the field of political competition. The survival crisis of the school itself has become a magic weapon of political mobilization. The tide of "please change the state" rises again, and the tide of study and politics are agitated each other, and it is difficult for the university to "be alone" and its development is greatly affected. After the establishment of the Communist Party of China, the private Chenghua University was supervised and reformed by the new regime in many aspects, such as university system, management system, teaching system, enrollment, graduate employment and so on. The school itself also actively catered to the needs of the government to highlight its characteristics of running a school with the focus of the Department of Finance and Economics, and thus continuously obtained funding subsidies from the Southwest Ministry of Culture and Education. In the process of dying, the school took on a bit of life, and the "name and fact" also misplaced. The final conclusion is "public". Due to the dual structure of politics and religion, the tradition and mechanism of social autonomy, private universities in the West have always maintained their independence and autonomy, and maintained sufficient living space. The modern Chinese society was unable to resist the decline of state power and failed to set up a virtuous circle and institutional mechanism of absorbing social resources and giving back to the society. In the meantime, private universities had to move closer to the state and "live with the state."
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G649.29;K26

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本文編號(hào)：2006081