本文選題：20世紀(jì)50年代 + 中華書局��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為近代著名出版機(jī)構(gòu),中華書局在中國(guó)近代文化史上具有舉足輕重的歷史地位。1912年元旦中華書局緊隨中華民國(guó)的步伐成立,在民國(guó)動(dòng)蕩不安,文化交流頻繁的社會(huì)環(huán)境中,它逐漸形成了自己的模式與特色,打破了出版界商務(wù)印書館獨(dú)占鰲頭的局面,成為民國(guó)時(shí)期第二大出版機(jī)構(gòu)。經(jīng)過二十多年的發(fā)展,至1937年中華書局迎來了鼎盛時(shí)期,此后,由于社會(huì)大環(huán)境的變遷、國(guó)家出版政策的約束、人民閱讀趣味的轉(zhuǎn)移以及兩大主要業(yè)務(wù)的萎縮,中華書局在新中國(guó)建立前后陷入嚴(yán)重的發(fā)展困境。對(duì)此,基于利用與改造的目的,在“統(tǒng)籌兼顧,分工合作”的出版政策的指導(dǎo)下,國(guó)家對(duì)中華書局進(jìn)行了適當(dāng)?shù)膸头?并通過督促其整頓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu),實(shí)行內(nèi)部改革;出版發(fā)行分工,組建“中圖公司”;規(guī)劃出版方向,實(shí)行加工訂貨等方式對(duì)其進(jìn)行了初步的整頓與改造。國(guó)家的幫扶與初步改造對(duì)于緩解中華書局的困境有一定的作用,但沒有從根本上扭轉(zhuǎn)其嚴(yán)重虧損的局面。1953年中華書局申請(qǐng)全面公私合營(yíng),出版總署鑒于其合營(yíng)的時(shí)機(jī)已然成熟,通過組建工作隊(duì)伍、發(fā)動(dòng)職工、清估資產(chǎn)、清理負(fù)債、確定股權(quán)、安置人員等,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的社會(huì)主義改造,至1954年5月1日中華書局全面公私合營(yíng)工作基本完成,改組為財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)出版社。全面公私合營(yíng)后,中華書局的企業(yè)性質(zhì)發(fā)生了根本改變,出版方向調(diào)整為“出版為主,專業(yè)財(cái)經(jīng)”,并形成了“一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu),兩塊招牌”的特殊經(jīng)營(yíng)格局,經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況上亦改變了多年來嚴(yán)重虧損的局面,逐漸轉(zhuǎn)虧為盈。國(guó)家的社會(huì)主義改造對(duì)保存中華書局之基業(yè)具有重要意義,但也存在失當(dāng)之處。在改造過程中過于強(qiáng)調(diào)分工,對(duì)合作問題不夠重視導(dǎo)致出版社與書店之間相互推諉;中華書局在全面公私合營(yíng)后被改造為財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)出版社,古老的品牌特色在社會(huì)主義改造的浪潮中逐漸褪色;國(guó)家對(duì)中華書局出版方向的調(diào)整一波三折,但都不切合中華書局的實(shí)際情況,造成書局內(nèi)部的動(dòng)蕩與混亂;私營(yíng)出版人才被排擠和輕視,難以擔(dān)當(dāng)重任,使得新成立的出版社在出版工作上出現(xiàn)了不少問題。
[Abstract]:As a famous publishing institution in modern times, Zhonghua Book Company plays an important role in the history of Chinese modern culture. In 1912, New Year's Day Book Company followed the steps of the Republic of China, and in the social environment where the Republic of China was unstable and cultural exchanges were frequent, It gradually formed its own mode and characteristics, broke the publishing business press dominant situation, became the second largest publishing organization in the Republic of China. After more than 20 years of development, by 1937 Zhonghua Bookstore ushered in the heyday period. Since then, due to the changes of the social environment, the restriction of the state publishing policy, the transfer of people's reading interest and the shrinking of the two major businesses, Before and after the establishment of New China, Zhonghua Bookstore fell into a serious dilemma of development. In this regard, based on the purpose of utilization and reform, under the guidance of the publishing policy of "overall consideration, division of work and cooperation", the state has given proper support to the Zhonghua Book Company and has carried out internal reform by urging it to rectify its leading institutions; The division of labor of publishing and distribution, the establishment of "Zhongtu Company", the planning of publishing direction, the implementation of processing and ordering, etc, have carried out a preliminary rectification and transformation. The state's support and initial reform have played a certain role in alleviating the plight of Zhonghua Book Company, but it has not fundamentally reversed its serious loss. In 1953, Zhonghua Book Company applied for a comprehensive public-private joint venture, and since the time was ripe for the joint venture, the Publishing General Administration. Through the establishment of a work force, the mobilization of staff and workers, the liquidation of assets, the clearing of liabilities, the determination of equity, the placement of personnel, and so on, further socialist transformation was carried out. By May 1, 1954, the comprehensive public-private joint venture of the Zhonghua Book Company had basically been completed. Be reorganized into financial and economic publishing house. After the full public-private joint venture, the nature of the Zhonghua Book Company has undergone a fundamental change, and the publishing direction has been adjusted to "publishing as the main body, professional finance and economics," and has formed a special management pattern of "one organization and two signboards." Operating conditions have also changed for many years of serious loss situation, gradually turn deficit into profit. The socialist transformation of the country is of great significance to the preservation of the basic business of Zhonghua Book Company, but there are also some missteps. Too much emphasis on division of labor in the process of transformation, insufficient attention to the issue of cooperation between publishing houses and bookstores between the prevarication; Zhonghua Book Company was transformed into a financial and economic publishing house after a comprehensive public-private joint venture. The ancient brand characteristics gradually fade in the wave of socialist transformation, the state's adjustment of the publishing direction of Zhonghua Book Company is a series of twists and turns, but it does not accord with the actual situation of Zhonghua Book Company, resulting in the turbulence and chaos inside the bookshop. The private publishing talent is excluded and despised, and it is difficult to bear the heavy responsibility, which causes many problems in the publishing work of the newly established publishing house.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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本文編號(hào)：1992720