本文選題：經(jīng)世文編 + 吏治思想　； 參考：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：1827年,賀長齡編寫了第一部經(jīng)世文編,之后,何良棟、麥仲華等人相繼編寫了十余部經(jīng)世文編。經(jīng)歷了80年,在晚清文化史上具有重要的意義。清代的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、軍事、外交等文章是文編的重要組成部分,為今天研究清朝的統(tǒng)治提供了重要的參考資料,具有重要的史料價(jià)值。文編的編寫過程中始終秉持著“經(jīng)世致用”的指導(dǎo)思想,經(jīng)世觀念最早源于《莊子.齊物篇》中“春秋經(jīng)世,先王之志”的論述,其后演變?yōu)槿寮业懒x的根本。嘉道時(shí)期,經(jīng)世思想開始萌動(dòng),有社會(huì)批判與倡導(dǎo)改革的主張,士人階層開始關(guān)注社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí),萌生了一些經(jīng)世思想。到鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前夕,以賀長齡、魏源為代表的思想家,倡導(dǎo)以土地、賦稅、鹽政、河工、吏治等實(shí)政為主要內(nèi)容,開創(chuàng)了近代經(jīng)世致用的新風(fēng)氣。經(jīng)世文編的編寫為統(tǒng)治者的統(tǒng)治提供了參考,以研究和解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問題為中心,改革弊政,謀求自強(qiáng)。晚清以來,封建統(tǒng)治出現(xiàn)危機(jī),面對(duì)內(nèi)憂外侮,社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩不安。而吏治中出現(xiàn)的問題也是晚清政局岌岌可危的一個(gè)表現(xiàn),經(jīng)世文編中也記錄了晚清以來的吏治思想,是晚清政治結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要組成部分。因此,有必要對(duì)晚清各個(gè)時(shí)期的經(jīng)世文編中的吏治思想進(jìn)行研究。文編中對(duì)于吏治思想的討論主要集中在三個(gè)方面,一個(gè)是從整體上整頓吏治,包括培養(yǎng)廉潔的官場風(fēng)氣,考核官員要名實(shí)相符和裁減冗員、創(chuàng)新體制改革的思想,這既體現(xiàn)出晚清存在吏治腐敗、機(jī)構(gòu)臃腫的問題,也反映出先進(jìn)的知識(shí)分子已經(jīng)懂得官吏作為連接統(tǒng)治階級(jí)和下層百姓的橋梁作用,希望從整頓官場開始,謀求社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。第二個(gè)方面是對(duì)居官者的要求,包括官宜久居、人地相宜及勤學(xué)的思想,有提高行政效率的目的,同時(shí)對(duì)官員自身的行為修養(yǎng)也有要求,為官者要勤學(xué)慎思、實(shí)事求是。第三個(gè)方面是針對(duì)清朝選官途徑繁雜,存在官員濫竽充數(shù)的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行討論,首先探討了捐官的利弊,作者們大都持禁止捐納的思想,有人提出解決國用不足的問題可以通過國債,民間集資的方法,表現(xiàn)出國人已經(jīng)不再拘束于傳統(tǒng)的小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、重農(nóng)抑商的生產(chǎn)方式。還有知人善任、嚴(yán)格考察的選官思想,嚴(yán)格選拔牧令則體現(xiàn)出了執(zhí)政為民和長治久安的思想。已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到民眾是國家的根本,是國家存在的前提,治理好人民,才能治理好國家。
[Abstract]:In 1827, he Changling wrote the first book. Later, he Liangdong, Mak Zhonghua and others wrote more than ten books. After 80 years, it is of great significance in the cultural history of the late Qing Dynasty. The political, economic, cultural, military, diplomatic and other articles of the Qing Dynasty are an important part of the literary compilation, which provides an important reference for the study of the rule of the Qing Dynasty today and has important historical value. In the process of compiling the essay, the guiding ideology of "applying the world to the world" has always been upheld, and the idea of "handling the world" originates from "Zhuangzi". The argumentation of the Spring and Autumn period and the aspiration of the King later evolved into the foundation of Confucian morality. During the period of Jia Dao, the thought of Confucian thought began to germinate, with the idea of social criticism and reform, and scholars began to pay attention to the social reality and gave birth to some thoughts. On the eve of the Opium War, the thinkers represented by he Changling and Wei Yuan advocated land, taxation, salt administration, river work and official administration as the main contents, thus creating a new trend of practical use in modern times. The compilation of Jingshi articles provides a reference for the rulers to study and solve practical problems, reform the government and strive for self-improvement. Since the late Qing Dynasty, feudal rule appeared crisis, faced with internal and foreign aggression, social unrest. The problems in the administration of officials are also a manifestation of the precarious political situation in the late Qing Dynasty, which also records the thought of official administration since the late Qing Dynasty and is an important part of the political structure of the late Qing Dynasty. Therefore, it is necessary to study the thought of administration of officials in various periods of the late Qing Dynasty. The discussion on the idea of official administration mainly focuses on three aspects. The first is to rectify the administration of officials as a whole, including cultivating a clean and honest atmosphere of officialdom, examining officials to be in line with their names and reducing redundant personnel, and innovating the idea of reforming the system. This not only reflects the existence of corruption of officials and bloated organizations in the late Qing Dynasty, but also reflects that the advanced intellectuals have already understood the role of officials as a bridge between the ruling class and the lower common people, hoping to start with rectifying the official system and seeking social stability. The second aspect is the request to the officials, including the thought that the officials should live for a long time, the people and the land are suitable and diligent to study, have the purpose of improving the administrative efficiency, at the same time, there is also the request to the official's own behavior accomplishment, it is necessary for the officials to study carefully and seek truth from facts. The third aspect is to discuss the various ways of selecting officials in the Qing Dynasty and the phenomenon of officials making up the number of officials. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of donating officials are discussed. Most of the authors hold the idea of prohibiting donations. Some people put forward to solve the problem of insufficient use of national debt, private fund-raising methods, showing that the people are no longer confined to the traditional small-scale peasant economy, the production mode of emphasizing agriculture and inhibiting business. There is also the idea of selecting officials and strict selection of pastoral order reflects the idea of ruling for the people and lasting peace. It has been recognized that the people are the basis of the country, is the premise of the existence of the country, good governance of the people, can govern the country well.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K252

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