本文選題：公共批評(píng)精神 + 報(bào)刊��； 參考：《西北民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：公共批評(píng)精神一直在中國傳承和發(fā)展著。古代開始就已經(jīng)有了民主思想的影子,隨著朝代的更替,公共批評(píng)精神有繁盛時(shí),有衰落時(shí),作為一種觀念,一直在傳承著。到了近代鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后,中國面臨著救亡圖存的危機(jī),外國人在中國廣泛的辦報(bào)刊,這也給中國的知識(shí)分子給予了一個(gè)新的方向,于是早期的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)知識(shí)分子也開始利用它來對(duì)國人進(jìn)行思想宣傳。《馬關(guān)條約》簽訂之后,中國的半殖民地半封建社會(huì)加劇,國家的控制機(jī)制降低,傳播的僵滯態(tài)勢(shì)減弱。知識(shí)分子通過報(bào)刊,進(jìn)行了思想的傳播和公共批評(píng)精神的傳承,出現(xiàn)了公共批評(píng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的高潮,其中有以梁啟超為代表的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)改良派,但他們的報(bào)國之路的實(shí)現(xiàn)僅僅存在于百日維新期間,后因戊戌政變而結(jié)束,也由此說明了走資產(chǎn)階級(jí)改良的道路在中國是行不通的。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命派繼續(xù)探索國家的出路問題,傳播革命的思想,廣泛的利用報(bào)刊開展公共批評(píng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。雖然在此期間發(fā)生了清政府對(duì)報(bào)人的迫害活動(dòng),也依然不能制止革命派救國的熱情。反而再次出現(xiàn)了公共批評(píng)的高潮,廣泛的傳播了革命的思想,這為后來辛亥革命的勝利打下了基礎(chǔ)。通過對(duì)公共批評(píng)精神的傳承和公共批評(píng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的開展的分析,得出了公共批評(píng)精神在轉(zhuǎn)化成社會(huì)觀念之后所形成的結(jié)果:公共輿論。雖然公共批評(píng)精神已經(jīng)是普世化的觀念,但公共輿論不僅僅給社會(huì)帶來進(jìn)步的力量,它也有其負(fù)面的作用。因此,看待公共輿論不應(yīng)片面的看到正性的作用,也應(yīng)理性的看到負(fù)面的危害。所以,對(duì)公共輿論仍需進(jìn)行辯證的思考。
[Abstract]:The spirit of public criticism has been inherited and developed in China. The ancient times had already had the shadow of the democratic thought, along with the change of the dynasty, the public criticism spirit has the prosperous time, has the decline time, as a kind of idea, has been passing on. After the Opium War in modern times, China was faced with the crisis of saving the nation from death. Foreigners widely run newspapers and periodicals in China, which also gave a new direction to Chinese intellectuals. Therefore, the early bourgeois intellectuals also began to use it to propagate their minds. After the signing of the Treaty of the people of Malaysia, China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society intensified, the state's control mechanism decreased, and the spread of stagnation weakened. Through newspapers and periodicals, intellectuals spread their ideas and inherited the spirit of public criticism, and the climax of the public criticism movement appeared, including the bourgeois reformists represented by Liang Qichao. However, the realization of their road to serve the country only existed during the hundred days Reform period, which ended as a result of the Wuxu coup, which showed that the road of bourgeois reform was not feasible in China. Bourgeois revolutionaries continue to explore the country's outlet, spread revolutionary ideas, and widely use newspapers to carry out public criticism movements. Although the Qing government persecuted the journalists during this period, it still failed to stop the revolutionary zeal to save the country. On the contrary, the climax of public criticism and the widespread dissemination of revolutionary ideas laid the foundation for the victory of the Revolution of 1911. Through the analysis of the inheritance of the public criticism spirit and the development of the public criticism movement, the result of the public criticism spirit formed after the transformation of the public criticism spirit into the social concept is obtained: public opinion. Although the spirit of public criticism is a universal concept, public opinion not only brings the power of progress to the society, but also has its negative effect. Therefore, the public opinion should not only see the positive effect, but also the negative harm. Therefore, public opinion still needs dialectical thinking.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K252

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