本文選題：中俄密約 + 仇俄　； 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 從甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭到日俄戰(zhàn)爭的這十年中,中國人的俄國觀經(jīng)歷了親俄、聯(lián)俄到仇俄、拒俄的轉(zhuǎn)變。三國干涉還遼之后的一段時期內(nèi),中國各個階層一度對沙俄產(chǎn)生了好感,把沙俄當(dāng)成為恩人,親俄思潮盛極一時。在這種親俄思潮的推動下,清政府的聯(lián)俄政策出籠了。這種聯(lián)俄政策是“以夷制夷”思想的運(yùn)用�！吨卸砻芗s》、《旅大租地條約》簽訂之后,中國不少有識之士開始警覺到了沙俄的險惡用心,這部分人既包括一些愛國知識分子,也包括一些督撫大員。他們開始逐步放棄以前的親俄思想,開始產(chǎn)生疏俄的想法。當(dāng)然這時清政府當(dāng)中親俄、聯(lián)俄的思潮仍然占絕對優(yōu)勢,且這種思潮在清政府的對俄外交中仍然起著實(shí)質(zhì)性的作用。這一時期是清政府把聯(lián)俄政策付諸實(shí)踐的階段,沙俄正是利用了清政府急于聯(lián)俄制日的想法,把侵略的魔爪伸向了中國。因此,清政府的這種聯(lián)俄思想無疑起了開門揖盜的作用。1900年下半年,俄國大舉入侵我國東北,對我國進(jìn)行赤裸裸的武裝侵略、占領(lǐng)。這引起了全國各階層的強(qiáng)烈反對。中國人民徹底認(rèn)清了沙俄的侵略野心,仇俄思潮激蕩全國,在這股仇俄思潮的推動下,在全國范圍內(nèi)掀起了一場聲勢浩大的拒俄運(yùn)動。這時期由于沙俄侵略的惡劣性及其毫無遮掩性導(dǎo)致這一階段中國人的仇俄情緒具有廣泛性和普遍性的特點(diǎn),即中國這一時期不但精英階層對沙俄侵華有切身體會,且普通民眾也自覺地加入到反俄的行列中來。清政府當(dāng)中也有越來越多的要員們認(rèn)清了沙俄的侵略本質(zhì),他們紛紛上疏清政府要求清政府拒簽俄約,拒絕沙俄的侵略要求。他們同時對清政府的聯(lián)俄外交政策進(jìn)行了抨擊,并且對清政府中的親俄分子進(jìn)行了指責(zé)。這時期掀起的這場廣泛的拒俄運(yùn)動是中華民族覺醒的表現(xiàn)和標(biāo)志。由于這一時期沙俄的侵略不但威脅到了中國的主權(quán)和利益,而且也嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了其他列強(qiáng)在華的侵略權(quán)益,所以其它列強(qiáng)也紛紛指責(zé)沙俄,并且通過各種方式對清政府施壓,要求清政府拒簽俄約。正是在國內(nèi)外各種拒俄、仇俄思潮的推動下,清政府也被迫對前一階段的對俄政策進(jìn)行了某些調(diào)整,最終沒有答應(yīng)沙俄的侵略要求,并且若隱若現(xiàn)地產(chǎn)生了疏俄的想法,開始走上聯(lián)日制俄的外交道路。日俄戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,中國人的沙俄觀又有了新的變化。這一時期,廣大愛國知識分子一方面繼承了前一階段的拒俄、仇俄思想。同時對沙俄進(jìn)行了深入的分析,他們對沙俄的專制制度進(jìn)行了深刻的揭露和批判。他們認(rèn)為俄國與日本的戰(zhàn)爭實(shí)際上是專制與立憲的較量,并且認(rèn)為俄國的專制制度是沙俄輸?shù)暨@場戰(zhàn)爭的根本原因。這時期清統(tǒng)治階級中也有不少人贊成這種觀點(diǎn),這部分人成為立憲派。從而在全國上下掀起了一股立憲的思潮。清政府也不得不,至少從表面上順應(yīng)這股思潮,宣布實(shí)行預(yù)備仿行立憲。這一時期廣大愛國知識分子還從俄國敗于日本的事實(shí)中得出黃種人并非天生劣于白種人的結(jié)論,并且對所謂的“黃禍論”進(jìn)行了批判。從總體上來看,從甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭到日俄戰(zhàn)爭的這十年間,中國人的沙俄觀分為兩種,一種是以廣大愛國知識分子為代表的在野派的沙俄觀,一派是在朝的清統(tǒng)治階級的沙俄觀。廣大愛國知識分子的俄國觀是這一時期中國人民反帝意識的一個縮影,他們的俄國觀主要圍繞救亡圖存這個主題展開。他們的這種沙俄觀在當(dāng)時得到了廣泛的傳播,起到了思想啟蒙的作用,并且在一定程度上起到了抵制沙俄侵略的作用。清統(tǒng)治階級的沙俄觀總體上處在消極狀態(tài),他們對沙俄的侵略缺乏應(yīng)有的認(rèn)識,從而在對俄外交中處處處于被動地位,在這種俄國觀的支配下,注定了其對俄外交必然歸于失敗。
[Abstract]:During the ten years from the Sino Japanese war between China and Japan to the war of Japan and Russia, the Russian views of the Chinese people experienced the transition from Russia to Russia, Russia to Russia and Russia. In a period after the three countries' interference in the Liao Dynasty, every stratum of China once had a good sense of the tsarist Russia, and became a benefactor of Russia, and the pro Russian trend of thought was a moment. Driven by this kind of Pro Russian trend of thought, The policy of linking Russia with the government of the Qing Dynasty came out. This policy was the use of the thought of "making foreign countries". After the signing of the Sino Russian close contract, many Chinese intellectuals began to alert to the sinister intentions of the tsarist Russia, including some patriotic intellectuals and some governors. They began to give up gradually. Of course, the former pro Russian thought began to produce the idea of thinning Russia. Of course, in the Qing Dynasty, in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the trend of the trend of thought still occupies an absolute advantage in the Qing government, and this trend of thought still plays a substantial role in the Qing government's diplomacy to Russia. This period is the stage of the Qing government putting the policy into practice, and the tsarist Russia is using the Qing government to be anxious to connect. In the second half of.1900, the Russian thought of the government of the government of the Qing Dynasty has undoubtedly played a role in the second half of the year. In the second half of.1900, Russia invaded the northeast of our country and carried out the naked armed aggression and occupation of our country. This has aroused strong opposition from all levels of the country. The Chinese people have completely recognized the tsarist Russia. In this period, the vengeance of the tsarist Russia and the unmasking nature of the aggression of tsarist Russia have led to the widespread and universal characteristics of the Chinese people's hatred of Russia and Russia, namely, the period of China not only in this period, but also in the period of China. The elite class has an experience of tsarist Russia invading China, and the ordinary people also consciously join in the ranks of anti Russia. In the Qing government, more and more members of the Qing government have recognized the essence of the aggression of tsarist Russia, and they have come to the Qing government to ask the Qing government to refuse to sign the Russian treaty and to reject the invasion requirements of the tsarist Russia. The policy was attacked and criticized the pro Russian elements in the Qing government. This widespread anti Russian movement was a manifestation and symbol of the awakening of the Chinese nation. The aggression of tsarist Russia not only threatened China's sovereignty and interests, but also seriously damaged the interests of other powers in China. The other powers also accuse tsarist Russia, and put pressure on the Qing government in various ways and asked the Qing government to refuse to sign Russia. After the outbreak of the Japanese Russian war, the Chinese concept of tsarist Russia has changed again. In this period, the vast majority of patriotic intellectuals inherited the previous stage of anti Russian and xenophobia. At the same time, a deep analysis of the tsarist Russia was carried out, and their despotic system of tsarist Russia was deeply carried out. They believed that the war between Russia and Japan was actually a contest between autocracy and constitutionalism, and that Russia's autocratic system was the root cause of the war. In this period, many people in the ruling class agreed with this view, and this part became a constitutionalism. Thus, a constitutionalism was set off all over the country. The Qing government also had to, at least, conformed to this trend of thought at least on the surface, and announced the implementation of the constitutional imitating constitution. In this period, the majority of patriotic intellectuals also concluded that the yellow race was not a natural inferiority of the white people from the fact that Russia was defeated in Japan, and criticized the so-called "Yellow Peril". In the ten years of the Sino Japanese war between the middle and the Japanese and the Japanese and Russian wars, the Chinese view of the tsarist Russia is divided into two kinds, one is the view of the tsarist Russia represented by the vast patriotic intellectuals, and the other is the tsarist Russia view of the Qing ruling class in the dynasty. The view of the country mainly revolved around the theme of saving the nation from subjugation. Their view of tsarist Russia was widely spread at that time, played the role of ideological enlightenment, and played a role in resisting the aggression of the tsarist Russia to a certain extent. The tsarist Russia view of the ruling class was generally in a negative state, and they lack the due understanding of the aggression of the tsarist Russia. Thus, it is in a passive position everywhere in Russia's diplomacy. Under the domination of this view of Russia, it is destined that its diplomacy with Russia will inevitably fail.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K257

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 朱丹;義和團(tuán)運(yùn)動時期東北抗俄群體研究[D];山東大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1968185