本文選題：中美棉麥借款 + 社會(huì)各界�。� 參考：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：1933年5月29日,南京國(guó)民政府行政院副院長(zhǎng)兼財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)宋子文與美國(guó)財(cái)政復(fù)興公司(The Reconstruction Crop.)簽訂了《中美棉麥借款協(xié)定》(The Cotton Wheat Loan)。棉麥借款協(xié)定簽訂后,中美雙方曾發(fā)表聲明,稱“此舉兩國(guó)具得利益,即可減少美國(guó)大宗過(guò)剩品,又可鼓勵(lì)經(jīng)濟(jì)上之復(fù)興,間接有益于世界之物價(jià),在中國(guó)方面更可救濟(jì)內(nèi)地棉麥災(zāi)荒”[1]。學(xué)術(shù)界也大多關(guān)注協(xié)定本身及其對(duì)中美兩國(guó)的影響,缺少全面的研究。本文以棉麥借款的簽訂為基本線索,從其簽訂的背景、內(nèi)容、社會(huì)各界對(duì)棉麥借款的反應(yīng)及該借款對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)的影響等方面進(jìn)行全面深入的論述。 本文主要由三部分組成。第一部分主要是考察了棉麥借款簽訂的歷史背景。1933年的《中美棉麥借款協(xié)定》是在中日民族矛盾日益激化的情況下達(dá)成的,宋子文歐洲之行,中國(guó)政府的目的在于尋求英美幫助以制衡日本,特別是發(fā)展與美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系,并通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展增強(qiáng)國(guó)力;之于美國(guó),棉麥借款是其向中國(guó)傾銷過(guò)剩農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、轉(zhuǎn)嫁經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的重要途徑,但不能否認(rèn)這是向日本施加壓力的一種表示,是對(duì)中國(guó)抵御日本侵略作出的一種援助姿態(tài),在一定程度上反映了羅斯福的戰(zhàn)略考慮與政治遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)。第二部分重點(diǎn)分析了中國(guó)社會(huì)各階層對(duì)棉麥借款的反應(yīng)。國(guó)民政府內(nèi)部對(duì)借款的態(tài)度不一致,有贊成者,也有反對(duì)者,亦有觀望者;中共則是持堅(jiān)決反對(duì)的態(tài)度,并尖銳地揭露國(guó)民黨借款的主要目的是剿滅共產(chǎn)黨,破壞中國(guó)革命,同時(shí)認(rèn)為該項(xiàng)借款增加了人民負(fù)擔(dān),破壞了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì);實(shí)業(yè)界和知識(shí)界則比較客觀地評(píng)價(jià)其利弊,即當(dāng)時(shí)由于中國(guó)自然災(zāi)害棉麥匱乏,若能有計(jì)劃的實(shí)施,則可以解當(dāng)時(shí)之窘困,救濟(jì)農(nóng)村,但若用于“剿匪”,于國(guó)于民都是有害的。第三部分通過(guò)數(shù)量分析的方法,分析借款協(xié)定的簽訂對(duì)于當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)社會(huì)的影響,重點(diǎn)考察其對(duì)上海市場(chǎng)、棉紡織業(yè)和中國(guó)農(nóng)村的影響。從棉麥借款的實(shí)效來(lái)看,它給國(guó)民黨當(dāng)局帶來(lái)的財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助以及對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的消極影響,均非當(dāng)初人們想象的那么大。南京國(guó)民政府通過(guò)這筆借款獲得的,主要是政治上、外交上的收益。
[Abstract]:In May 29, 1933, Song Ziwen, vice president and finance minister of the Nanjing national government, signed the Sino American cotton and wheat loan agreement (The Cotton Wheat Loan) with the The Reconstruction Crop.. After the signing of the cotton wheat loan agreement, the two sides of China and the United States issued a sound that "the two countries have benefits and can reduce the big US." The [1]. academia also paid more attention to the agreement itself and its impact on China and the United States and lack of comprehensive research. This article takes the loan of cotton and wheat as the basic clue, from its background, content and society. All walks of life have a comprehensive and in-depth discussion on the reaction of cotton and wheat loans and the impact of the loan on Chinese society.
This article is mainly composed of three parts. The first part mainly examines the historical background of the signing of the cotton and wheat borrowing in.1933, the Sino American cotton and wheat loan agreement was reached in the case of the increasing intensification of the Sino Japanese ethnic contradiction, Song Ziwen's European trip. The purpose of the Chinese government is to seek British and American help to balance Japan, especially the development of the United States. Economic ties and economic development enhance national strength; in the United States, cotton and wheat borrowing is an important way of dumping surplus agricultural products into China and transferring to the economic crisis. But it can not be denied that this is a expression of pressure on Japan, a gesture of assistance to China's resistance to Japanese aggression, to a certain extent, Roosevelt The second part focuses on the response of the Chinese social strata to the loan of cotton and wheat. The attitude of the national government to the borrowing is inconsistent, the supporters, the opponents, and the observers; the Communist Party is a resolute objection, and the main purpose of the Kuomintang's borrowing is to eliminate the Communist party. At the same time, the Chinese revolution was destroyed. At the same time, the loan increased the burden of the people and destroyed the rural economy; the industry and the intellectual circles objectively evaluated its advantages and disadvantages. That is, because of the shortage of cotton and wheat in China's natural disasters, if it could be implemented in a planned way, it could solve the embarrassment of the time and relieve the countryside, but if it was used for "bandit suppression", the country and the people were all the people. The third part analyzes the influence of the signing of the loan agreement on the Chinese society at that time through the quantitative analysis method, focusing on its influence on the Shanghai market, the cotton textile industry and the rural China. From the actual effect of the cotton and wheat borrowing, the financial and economic help it brings to the Kuomintang authorities and the negative shadow on the domestic economy are given. The national government of Nanjing won the political and diplomatic gains through this loan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K263

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 陳永祥;;1933年《中美棉麥借款協(xié)定》再評(píng)析[J];廣州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2007年04期

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本文編號(hào)：1960965