本文選題：民國時期 + 安徽礦業(yè)��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：安徽省礦產(chǎn)資源豐富,礦產(chǎn)種類繁多。以煤、鐵、銅為主,兼有其他礦產(chǎn)。其中,部分礦產(chǎn)產(chǎn)量曾居全國首位,在能源供給等方面起著重要作用。清末以來,由于受外國資本主義和洋務(wù)運(yùn)動的影響,安徽礦業(yè)開始起步,以池州煤礦最先利用機(jī)器生產(chǎn)為標(biāo)志,逐漸步入近代行列。甲午戰(zhàn)爭后,外國商人在安徽創(chuàng)辦了一系列礦廠,安徽地方人士也掀起了辦礦熱。隨著對礦業(yè)重要性認(rèn)識的加深,安徽民眾開始從外國人手里爭奪礦權(quán)以收回自辦。但由于辦礦者缺乏礦業(yè)知識、生產(chǎn)技術(shù)落后、設(shè)備陳舊等主觀原因,致使辦礦費(fèi)工費(fèi)時。加上日本低價收購鐵礦、北洋軍閥搶占礦山等外在因素,使安徽礦業(yè)發(fā)展遇到種種困難。但不可否認(rèn),清末民初,安徽礦業(yè)還是得到一定程度的發(fā)展。 20世紀(jì)二三十年代,安徽礦業(yè)出現(xiàn)衰敗趨勢。這一時期無論是官礦還是商礦,請領(lǐng)的礦區(qū)均為數(shù)不少,但因經(jīng)費(fèi)不足,拖欠礦稅而被注銷的礦區(qū)也不少。而日本壓價采購礦石,更是雪上加霜,礦業(yè)看起來極不景氣。但30年代創(chuàng)辦的淮南煤礦給安徽礦業(yè)帶來了勃勃生機(jī),其從組織機(jī)構(gòu)、交通運(yùn)輸?shù)疆a(chǎn)銷途徑、生產(chǎn)設(shè)施都表現(xiàn)出良好的狀況,這與政府資本的注入有著密切的關(guān)系。針對這一時期出現(xiàn)的各種問題,當(dāng)時有關(guān)人士提出了種種意見和建議,力圖振興安徽礦業(yè)。對于存在問題嚴(yán)重的個別礦廠,如水東礦廠和饅頭山礦廠,政府進(jìn)行了有針對性的整頓,從籌款到工程修筑都全面指導(dǎo)和參與,力圖使礦廠營利。 抗戰(zhàn)時期,日本利用華中振興公司、華中礦業(yè)公司以及傀儡政權(quán),對安徽地區(qū)包括礦業(yè)在內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)事業(yè)進(jìn)行了掠奪和統(tǒng)制,大量鐵礦被運(yùn)回日本或者用于戰(zhàn)爭。日本主要掠奪馬鞍山鐵礦和淮南煤礦等重要礦山,牽涉到的公司有裕繁公司、寶興公司等鐵礦公司和淮南煤礦公司,這些公司被日本不同程度地控制和利用,成為其原料產(chǎn)地。國難當(dāng)頭,民眾主張和日本斷絕一切經(jīng)濟(jì)往來,更不容許礦產(chǎn)輸往日本。但是裕繁等公司為了自身利益,繼續(xù)向日本輸出礦砂,致使民怨沸騰。安徽民眾抗議無效時甚至訴諸首都抗日救國會,請其制止這一行為。首都抗日救國會派人對這種行為進(jìn)行了懲罰,但效果并不理想。抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,大部分礦業(yè)公司被國民黨當(dāng)局接收,安徽礦業(yè)走向衰落。
[Abstract]:Anhui Province is rich in mineral resources and variety of mineral resources. Coal, iron, copper, as well as other minerals. Among them, some mineral production once occupied the first place in the country, and played an important role in energy supply and so on. Since the late Qing Dynasty, due to the influence of foreign capitalism and Westernization movement, Anhui mining industry began to start, taking Chizhou Coal Mine as the symbol of the first use of machine production, and gradually stepped into the ranks of modern times. After the Sino-Japanese War, foreign businessmen set up a series of mines in Anhui Province, Anhui local people also set off a mining boom. With the deepening of the importance of mining, Anhui people began to fight from foreigners to recover their own rights. However, due to the lack of mining knowledge, backward production technology, obsolete equipment and other subjective reasons, it takes time to run the mine. In addition, Japan's purchase of iron ore at a low price and the occupation of mines by northern warlords make the development of Anhui mining meet with various difficulties. However, there is no denying that the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Anhui mining or get a certain degree of development. In the 20 s and 30 s, Anhui mining industry declined. In this period, no matter the official mine or the commercial mine, the number of the mining area is many, but because of the shortage of funds, the mine tax is defaulted and many mining areas are written off. Japan's low prices for ore procurement, but also aggravated by the mining industry looks very depressed. But Huainan Coal Mine, which was founded in 1930's, has brought great vitality to Anhui mining industry. It shows good condition from organization, transportation to production and marketing, and production facilities, which is closely related to the injection of government capital. In view of the various problems appeared in this period, people concerned put forward various opinions and suggestions at that time, trying to revitalize Anhui mining industry. For individual mining plants with serious problems, such as Shuidong Mine Plant and steamed bun Toushan Mine Plant, the government has carried out targeted rectification, and has directed and participated in all aspects from fund-raising to project construction in an effort to make the mine factory profitable. During the Anti-Japanese War, Japan used Huazhong to revitalize the company, Huazhong mining company and puppet regime to plunder and control the economic undertakings in Anhui, including mining, and a large number of iron ore was transported back to Japan or used in the war. Japan mainly plundered important mines such as Ma'anshan Iron Mine and Huainan Coal Mine, involving Yufan Company, Baoxing Iron Mine Company and Huainan Coal Mine Company, which were controlled and utilized to varying degrees by Japan and became the source of raw materials. In the midst of the national disaster, the public advocated cutting off all economic ties with Japan and not allowing minerals to be exported to Japan. But companies such as Yufan continue to export ore to Japan for their own benefit, causing resentment. Anhui people even appealed to the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association when the protests were invalid, asking them to stop this behavior. Capital anti-Japanese National Salvation Association sent people to punish this behavior, but the effect is not ideal. After the victory, most mining companies were taken over by Kuomintang authorities and Anhui mining declined.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K258;F429

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