發(fā)布時間：2018-05-30 17:24

  本文選題：南京國民政府 + 甘肅　； 參考：《西北師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：民告官,古已有之。但是迄今為止,尚未有一篇學(xué)位論文對南京國民政府時期甘肅民眾控告縣長這一問題進行專題研究,這表明民告官問題的研究還有較大余地。本文以南京國民政府時期甘肅縣級政權(quán)狀況為切入點,以民眾控告縣長為總領(lǐng),在揭示民告官制度實質(zhì)的同時,深入探討該時期基層政權(quán)實況。南京國民政府成立后,繼承并完善了肇始于民國初期,發(fā)展于北洋政府時期的《行政訴訟制度》,我國近代行政訴訟制度得以確立,民告官之途徑呈現(xiàn)出多樣化特點。二十世紀(jì)三十年代初期,國民政府為澄清吏治,緩和官民之間的矛盾,頒布了《民眾控告官吏遞呈辦法》這一法規(guī),因為民眾對其易知易行,成為控告官吏的主要途徑之一。依據(jù)這一辦法,作為上級機關(guān)的省政府,一方面可以通過民眾控告縣長案件之呈文了解縣級政權(quán)的概況,另一方面通過對民眾控告縣長案件的公正處置可以實現(xiàn)民眾之認(rèn)同,進而樹立政府威信,可謂一舉兩得。但是,由于特殊的國情和政情,致使正常的民告官機制難以形成。南京國民政府時期,縣長作為地方基層政權(quán)中的重要一環(huán),直接擔(dān)負(fù)著將政府政令實施并付諸實踐的功用。甘肅僻處西北一隅,由于其地理和政情的特殊性,縣長處境十分尷尬,地方事務(wù)推進維艱,縣級政權(quán)遂變得虛弱、乏力,呈現(xiàn)出“內(nèi)卷化”特點。在政府支持甚至鼓勵民告官的背景下,出現(xiàn)了眾多民眾控告官員的案件,作為主持一縣之政的縣長,自然首當(dāng)其沖。然而,理想與現(xiàn)實的偏差,民告官之實際收效與政府之期望相差甚遠,其原因為:第一,縣長作為民眾控告之主體,客觀上由于受到多重因素的桎梏,舉步維艱。此種背景下,省政府一方面對民眾控告縣長案件的處置大都持避重就輕的態(tài)度,另一方面對誣告縣長之民眾亦未嚴(yán)格按照“反坐切結(jié)”辦法執(zhí)行,如此,不僅民眾權(quán)益未得到維護、縣長威信亦受影響,而且縣級政權(quán)之腐敗狀況亦未得以改善,致使政府公信力逐漸下降。究其緣由是因為其根本目的是為了緩解官民雙方心理上的不平衡,僅僅是給民眾提供一個發(fā)泄申訴的渠道,而不是真正為了懲治貪污腐敗者,民告官其實質(zhì)為“民督官”。第二,從當(dāng)時國家政權(quán)面臨的狀況而言,國民政府受到多重勢力的挑戰(zhàn),外有日本之侵略,內(nèi)有各派勢力之勾心斗角,在外患內(nèi)亂的困境中,國民政府將其重心放在軍事建設(shè)層面,而對政治建設(shè)較為忽視,使其不能傾全力施行民告官制度,致使民告官的各種法律、法規(guī)流于形式,民告官未收到實效自在意料之中。
[Abstract]:The people have sued the officials in ancient times. But up to now, there is not a dissertation to study the problem of people suing the county magistrate in the period of Nanjing National Government, which indicates that there is still much room for studying the problem of civil prosecution. Based on the situation of the county government in Gansu during the period of Nanjing National Government, this paper, taking the populace suing the county chief as the general guide, reveals the essence of the civil prosecution system, and probes into the actual situation of the grass-roots regime in that period. After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, it inherited and perfected the Administrative Litigation system, which originated in the early period of the Republic of China and developed in the period of Beiyang Government. In the early 1930s, in order to clarify the administration of officials and ease the contradiction between the officials and the people, the National Government promulgated the Law of Public Complaints against officials, which became one of the main ways to sue officials. According to this method, the provincial government, as a higher authority, can, on the one hand, understand the general situation of the county power through the public complaint against the county governor's case, and on the other hand, it can realize the people's approval by handling the case of the populace against the county chief fairly. Then establish the authority of the government, can be said to kill two birds with one stone. However, due to the special national conditions and political conditions, it is difficult to form the normal mechanism of public prosecution. During the period of Nanjing National Government, the county magistrate, as an important part of the local grass-roots government, directly assumed the function of carrying out the government decree and putting it into practice. Gansu Province is located in a corner of the northwest, because of its special geography and political situation, the county chief is in a very awkward situation, and the local affairs are difficult to advance, so the county government becomes weak and weak, showing the characteristics of "internal curl". In the context of government support and even encouragement, there have been many cases of people suing officials. As the county chief presiding over a county, it is natural to bear the brunt. However, the deviation between ideal and reality, the actual effect of public prosecution and the expectation of the government are far from each other. The reasons are as follows: first, the county chief, as the subject of public accusation, is objectively bound by many factors. Against this background, the provincial government, on the one hand, takes an evasive attitude towards the handling of the case of the populace against the county chief, on the other hand, it does not strictly abide by the "sit down and knot" method for the people who falsely accuse the county chief. Not only the rights and interests of the people have not been safeguarded, but also the prestige of the county governor has been affected, and the corruption of the county power has not been improved, which has led to the gradual decline of the credibility of the government. The reason is that its fundamental purpose is to alleviate the psychological imbalance between the officials and the people, and to provide a channel for the public to vent their complaints, rather than to punish the corrupt people, and the civil prosecution is essentially "the governor of the people". Second, in terms of the situation faced by the state power at that time, the national government was challenged by many forces, including the aggression of Japan and the collusion of various forces, in the predicament of civil strife abroad. The National Government focuses on military construction, but neglects the political construction, which makes it unable to carry out the system of civil prosecution. As a result, all kinds of laws and regulations of civil prosecution are mere formality, and it is not to be expected that the official of civil prosecution has not received actual results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K262.9

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本文編號：1956160