本文選題：糧食 + 統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷　； 參考：《湘潭大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷從1953年開始實施到1985年改行糧食合同定購制止,持續(xù)了32年之久,是共和國60年來執(zhí)行時間最長、影響最大、涉及范圍最廣的重要制度之一。目前學界對統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷制度的研究成果很多,但在統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷制度形成的原因上還沒有形成比較全面、系統(tǒng)和深入的共識。本文利用豐富的檔案資料和各種報刊資料,系統(tǒng)梳理了糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷制度形成的原因和影響,同時就與統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策相關的幾個問題予以辨析。 1952—1953年糧食緊張局面是統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策得以迅速出臺的直接誘因。這次糧食局面的緊張并不是糧源發(fā)生了危機,而是商品糧食購少銷多引起糧食價格上漲造成的恐慌。究其原因主要是在調整糧食商業(yè)公司關系中處置不當,加上部分地區(qū)受災和農民儲糧備荒或惜售行為引起的。這次糧食購銷危機為糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策出臺提供了契機。貫徹落實過渡時期總路線是糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策出臺的政治動因。糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策能有效的切斷農民跟市場的聯(lián)系,有效抑制農村自發(fā)勢力,加強對農民和農業(yè)的社會主義改造。黨內首先把過渡時期總路線跟糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策聯(lián)系起來的是毛澤東,這與毛澤東接受的蘇聯(lián)過渡時期理論和毛澤東對農村與農民定性分析密切相關。支持重工業(yè)優(yōu)先發(fā)展的工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略是統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策出臺的經濟動因。糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷初期對工業(yè)化的支持主要表現(xiàn)在穩(wěn)定糧價和物價、保證國家建設和城鎮(zhèn)居民用糧。從1958年開始,由于糧食增產乏力導致糧食供需矛盾進一步緊張,糧食市場價格大大高出糧食統(tǒng)購價格,糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷制度遂不自覺的以“剪刀差”的形式使農業(yè)資金流入國家財政和工業(yè)化建設領域,為我國工業(yè)化的建設做出了巨大的貢獻和犧牲。 糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷制度對我國政治經濟社會的發(fā)展都造成了深遠的影響。其積極作用主要表現(xiàn)在:一是利用行政手段平抑了糧食購銷危機,穩(wěn)定了市場物價和社會;二是為新中國初期的工業(yè)化建設提供了大量的原材料和資金支持,為初步建立比較完整的工業(yè)體系作出了重要的貢獻;三是通過統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷宣傳,促進了農業(yè)社會主義改造的進程,同時也對開展資本主義工商業(yè)改造提供了強有力的支持。其消極作用主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個方面:一是限制了價值規(guī)律在農業(yè)生產中的作用和打擊了農民生產積極性的發(fā)揮,限制了農村商品經濟的活力;二是抑制了農村和城鎮(zhèn)居民生活水平的穩(wěn)定和提高。
[Abstract]:From 1953 to 1985, the monopoly purchase and sale of grain was carried out, which lasted for 32 years. It is one of the most important systems in the 60 years of the Republic, which has the longest execution time, the biggest influence and the most extensive scope. At present, there are a lot of research achievements on the system of unified purchase and marketing, but there is no comprehensive, systematic and in-depth consensus on the reasons for the formation of the system. Using abundant archives and various newspapers and periodicals, this paper systematically combs the causes and influences of the formation of the system of unified purchase and marketing of grain, and at the same time analyzes several problems related to the policy of unified purchase and marketing of grain. From 1952 to 1953, food shortage was the direct inducement of the rapid introduction of the policy of purchasing and marketing. The current food crisis is not a crisis in food sources, but a panic caused by food prices rising as commodities are bought and sold less. The reason is mainly due to the improper handling in the adjustment of grain commercial company relationship, coupled with the disaster in some areas and the farmers' food storage or sale behavior. This grain purchase and marketing crisis provides an opportunity for the introduction of the grain purchase and marketing policy. Carrying out the general route of transition period is the political motivation of the policy of grain purchase and marketing. Grain purchase and marketing policy can effectively cut off the relationship between farmers and the market, effectively suppress the rural spontaneous forces, and strengthen the socialist transformation of farmers and agriculture. Mao Zedong is the first party to link the general route of transition period with the policy of grain purchase and marketing, which is closely related to the theory of Soviet transition accepted by Mao Zedong and the qualitative analysis of rural and peasant by Mao Zedong. The industrialization strategy supporting the priority development of heavy industry is the economic motivation of the introduction of the state-owned purchase and marketing policy. The support for industrialization in the initial stage of grain purchase and marketing mainly lies in stabilizing grain prices and ensuring the construction of the country and the use of grain for urban residents. Since 1958, the contradiction between supply and demand of grain has been further strained due to the lack of production of grain, and the market price of grain is much higher than the price of grain purchase. Therefore, the grain purchase and marketing system unconsciously made agricultural funds flow into the national finance and industrialization construction field by the form of "scissors difference", which made great contribution and sacrifice for the industrialization construction of our country. The system of grain purchase and marketing has a profound influence on the development of our country's political economy and society. Its positive effects are mainly reflected in: first, the use of administrative means to calm the crisis of grain purchase and marketing, and to stabilize the market prices and society; and second, it has provided a large amount of raw materials and financial support for the industrialization construction in the early days of New China. It has made an important contribution to the preliminary establishment of a relatively complete industrial system. Thirdly, it has promoted the process of socialist transformation of agriculture through the propaganda of unified purchase and marketing, and at the same time has provided strong support for the reform of capitalist industry and commerce. Its negative effects are mainly shown in the following two aspects: first, it limits the function of the law of value in agricultural production and the exertion of farmers' production enthusiasm, and limits the vitality of the rural commodity economy; Second, it has restrained the stability and improvement of the living standards of rural and urban residents.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K27

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 周蕓;新中國農地制度研究[D];太原科技大學;2012年

2 李婉琨;糧食市場與政府控制：統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷的準備過程[D];上海交通大學;2013年

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本文編號：1951786