本文選題：糧食 + 統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷從1953年開始實(shí)施到1985年改行糧食合同定購制止,持續(xù)了32年之久,是共和國60年來執(zhí)行時(shí)間最長、影響最大、涉及范圍最廣的重要制度之一。目前學(xué)界對(duì)統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷制度的研究成果很多,但在統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷制度形成的原因上還沒有形成比較全面、系統(tǒng)和深入的共識(shí)。本文利用豐富的檔案資料和各種報(bào)刊資料,系統(tǒng)梳理了糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷制度形成的原因和影響,同時(shí)就與統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策相關(guān)的幾個(gè)問題予以辨析。 1952—1953年糧食緊張局面是統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策得以迅速出臺(tái)的直接誘因。這次糧食局面的緊張并不是糧源發(fā)生了危機(jī),而是商品糧食購少銷多引起糧食價(jià)格上漲造成的恐慌。究其原因主要是在調(diào)整糧食商業(yè)公司關(guān)系中處置不當(dāng),加上部分地區(qū)受災(zāi)和農(nóng)民儲(chǔ)糧備荒或惜售行為引起的。這次糧食購銷危機(jī)為糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策出臺(tái)提供了契機(jī)。貫徹落實(shí)過渡時(shí)期總路線是糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策出臺(tái)的政治動(dòng)因。糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策能有效的切斷農(nóng)民跟市場的聯(lián)系,有效抑制農(nóng)村自發(fā)勢力,加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)民和農(nóng)業(yè)的社會(huì)主義改造。黨內(nèi)首先把過渡時(shí)期總路線跟糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策聯(lián)系起來的是毛澤東,這與毛澤東接受的蘇聯(lián)過渡時(shí)期理論和毛澤東對(duì)農(nóng)村與農(nóng)民定性分析密切相關(guān)。支持重工業(yè)優(yōu)先發(fā)展的工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略是統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷政策出臺(tái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)因。糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷初期對(duì)工業(yè)化的支持主要表現(xiàn)在穩(wěn)定糧價(jià)和物價(jià)、保證國家建設(shè)和城鎮(zhèn)居民用糧。從1958年開始,由于糧食增產(chǎn)乏力導(dǎo)致糧食供需矛盾進(jìn)一步緊張,糧食市場價(jià)格大大高出糧食統(tǒng)購價(jià)格,糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷制度遂不自覺的以“剪刀差”的形式使農(nóng)業(yè)資金流入國家財(cái)政和工業(yè)化建設(shè)領(lǐng)域,為我國工業(yè)化的建設(shè)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)和犧牲。 糧食統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷制度對(duì)我國政治經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展都造成了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。其積極作用主要表現(xiàn)在:一是利用行政手段平抑了糧食購銷危機(jī),穩(wěn)定了市場物價(jià)和社會(huì);二是為新中國初期的工業(yè)化建設(shè)提供了大量的原材料和資金支持,為初步建立比較完整的工業(yè)體系作出了重要的貢獻(xiàn);三是通過統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷宣傳,促進(jìn)了農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)主義改造的進(jìn)程,同時(shí)也對(duì)開展資本主義工商業(yè)改造提供了強(qiáng)有力的支持。其消極作用主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面:一是限制了價(jià)值規(guī)律在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的作用和打擊了農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)積極性的發(fā)揮,限制了農(nóng)村商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的活力;二是抑制了農(nóng)村和城鎮(zhèn)居民生活水平的穩(wěn)定和提高。
[Abstract]:From 1953 to 1985, the monopoly purchase and sale of grain was carried out, which lasted for 32 years. It is one of the most important systems in the 60 years of the Republic, which has the longest execution time, the biggest influence and the most extensive scope. At present, there are a lot of research achievements on the system of unified purchase and marketing, but there is no comprehensive, systematic and in-depth consensus on the reasons for the formation of the system. Using abundant archives and various newspapers and periodicals, this paper systematically combs the causes and influences of the formation of the system of unified purchase and marketing of grain, and at the same time analyzes several problems related to the policy of unified purchase and marketing of grain. From 1952 to 1953, food shortage was the direct inducement of the rapid introduction of the policy of purchasing and marketing. The current food crisis is not a crisis in food sources, but a panic caused by food prices rising as commodities are bought and sold less. The reason is mainly due to the improper handling in the adjustment of grain commercial company relationship, coupled with the disaster in some areas and the farmers' food storage or sale behavior. This grain purchase and marketing crisis provides an opportunity for the introduction of the grain purchase and marketing policy. Carrying out the general route of transition period is the political motivation of the policy of grain purchase and marketing. Grain purchase and marketing policy can effectively cut off the relationship between farmers and the market, effectively suppress the rural spontaneous forces, and strengthen the socialist transformation of farmers and agriculture. Mao Zedong is the first party to link the general route of transition period with the policy of grain purchase and marketing, which is closely related to the theory of Soviet transition accepted by Mao Zedong and the qualitative analysis of rural and peasant by Mao Zedong. The industrialization strategy supporting the priority development of heavy industry is the economic motivation of the introduction of the state-owned purchase and marketing policy. The support for industrialization in the initial stage of grain purchase and marketing mainly lies in stabilizing grain prices and ensuring the construction of the country and the use of grain for urban residents. Since 1958, the contradiction between supply and demand of grain has been further strained due to the lack of production of grain, and the market price of grain is much higher than the price of grain purchase. Therefore, the grain purchase and marketing system unconsciously made agricultural funds flow into the national finance and industrialization construction field by the form of "scissors difference", which made great contribution and sacrifice for the industrialization construction of our country. The system of grain purchase and marketing has a profound influence on the development of our country's political economy and society. Its positive effects are mainly reflected in: first, the use of administrative means to calm the crisis of grain purchase and marketing, and to stabilize the market prices and society; and second, it has provided a large amount of raw materials and financial support for the industrialization construction in the early days of New China. It has made an important contribution to the preliminary establishment of a relatively complete industrial system. Thirdly, it has promoted the process of socialist transformation of agriculture through the propaganda of unified purchase and marketing, and at the same time has provided strong support for the reform of capitalist industry and commerce. Its negative effects are mainly shown in the following two aspects: first, it limits the function of the law of value in agricultural production and the exertion of farmers' production enthusiasm, and limits the vitality of the rural commodity economy; Second, it has restrained the stability and improvement of the living standards of rural and urban residents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K27

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 周蕓;新中國農(nóng)地制度研究[D];太原科技大學(xué);2012年

2 李婉琨;糧食市場與政府控制：統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷的準(zhǔn)備過程[D];上海交通大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1951786