本文選題：精鹽工業(yè) + 久大精鹽公司��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：1914年，著名實(shí)業(yè)家范旭東在天津創(chuàng)辦了我國(guó)第一家生產(chǎn)精鹽的企業(yè)——久大精鹽公司，由此開(kāi)始了我國(guó)生產(chǎn)精鹽的歷史。久大公司生產(chǎn)的精鹽物美價(jià)廉，比粗鹽純潔度高，更適合人體食用，因此在市場(chǎng)上很受歡迎。然而在當(dāng)時(shí)腐朽的鹽政制度背景下，精鹽工業(yè)這種新生事物所面臨的社會(huì)環(huán)境卻是比較惡劣的。由于精鹽暢銷(xiāo)觸犯了鹽商集團(tuán)的利益，為爭(zhēng)奪市場(chǎng)，維護(hù)自身利益，維持落后的引岸制度，鹽商使用各種手段阻擾精鹽的生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售，試圖將久大公司扼于襁褓之中。各派軍閥為擴(kuò)充實(shí)力，籌措軍餉，擅自截留鹽稅，并向久大公司強(qiáng)行攤派巨額公債，征收各種苛捐雜稅，甚至通過(guò)綁架公司負(fù)責(zé)人的手段來(lái)勒索巨款，嚴(yán)重干擾了公司正常的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，使公司蒙受了巨額損失。無(wú)論是北洋政府還是南京國(guó)民政府，為維護(hù)鹽商利益，漠視精鹽工業(yè)的發(fā)展，，制定許多限制精鹽企業(yè)發(fā)展的法律法規(guī)，使企業(yè)發(fā)展受到嚴(yán)重束縛。而且各級(jí)政府為解決財(cái)政問(wèn)題，巧立名目，增加附加稅費(fèi)，使精鹽的生產(chǎn)成本居高不下，高額的賦稅成為公司沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。 民國(guó)時(shí)期精鹽企業(yè)的發(fā)展情況是中國(guó)近代鹽業(yè)史研究中的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。目前，史學(xué)界對(duì)此課題尚缺乏深入系統(tǒng)的研究。本文將在前人學(xué)者研究的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)史和社會(huì)史研究方法，著重對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)鹽商、軍閥和政府對(duì)精鹽工業(yè)的態(tài)度、政策進(jìn)行分析和研究，以此來(lái)闡明民國(guó)時(shí)期精鹽企業(yè)發(fā)展所面臨的艱難社會(huì)環(huán)境。希望通過(guò)本課題研究，能夠彌補(bǔ)鹽業(yè)史研究中的一些薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，為深化對(duì)鹽業(yè)史的研究作出貢獻(xiàn)，并對(duì)今天的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)提供有益借鑒。
[Abstract]:In 1914, Fan Xudong, a famous industrialist, founded the first enterprise of producing refined salt in Tianjin-Jiuda refined Salt Company, which began the history of producing refined salt in China. The refined salt produced by Jiuda Company is very popular in the market because it is more pure than crude salt and is more suitable for human consumption. However, under the background of the decadent salt administration system, the social environment of the new thing, the refined salt industry, is quite bad. As the salt-selling of refined salt offends the interests of salt merchants group, in order to compete for the market, safeguard their own interests, and maintain the backward coastal system, salt merchants use various means to block the production and sale of refined salt, and try to choke the Jiuda company in swaddling clothes. In order to increase their strength, raise their salaries, withhold salt taxes without authorization, and forcibly distribute large amounts of public debt to large companies, they collect all sorts of exorbitant taxes, and even extort large sums of money by kidnapping company leaders. Seriously interfered with the company's normal production and operation activities, so that the company suffered huge losses. In order to safeguard the interests of salt merchants and ignore the development of refined salt industry, the Beiyang Government and the Nanjing National Government have formulated many laws and regulations restricting the development of refined salt enterprises, which have seriously restricted the development of enterprises. In order to solve the financial problems, governments at all levels have added additional taxes and fees to solve the financial problems, so that the production costs of refined salt remain high, and high taxes become a heavy burden on the company. The development of refined salt enterprises in the period of the Republic of China is an important content in the study of the history of salt industry in modern China. At present, the history of this subject is still lack of in-depth and systematic research. On the basis of previous scholars' research and combining the research methods of economic history and social history, this paper will focus on the analysis and research on the attitudes and policies of salt merchants, warlords and governments towards the refined salt industry at that time. In order to elucidate the difficult social environment faced by the development of refined salt enterprises in the Republic of China. It is hoped that this study can make up for some weak links in the study of salt history, contribute to the further study of salt history, and provide useful reference for today's economic construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K258;F429

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