本文選題：晚清 + 尼泊爾��； 參考：《河北師范大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 1792年第二次藏廓戰(zhàn)爭后,廓爾喀(尼泊爾)自愿向清朝五年一貢,成為清朝外藩。尼泊爾五年一貢制度,是18、19世紀中尼關(guān)系重要的組成部分。1792年至1906年尼泊爾共派遣五年進貢使團18次。1792年至1852年的前60年,尼泊爾共派遣進貢使團12次,較為嚴格地執(zhí)行了五年一貢慣例。而1852年至1906年后60年共派遣6次,未很好執(zhí)行這一慣例。本文以后60年即尼泊爾拉納家族統(tǒng)治時期(1852-1906年)派遣的五年進貢使團作為研究對象。 1852年隨著英國扶植下的尼泊爾英雄首相忠格·巴哈杜爾掌權(quán),中尼關(guān)系發(fā)生了一些微妙變化。五年進貢使團開始由一個純政治性的進貢使團轉(zhuǎn)變成為一個貿(mào)易性使團,并濫用其外交豁免權(quán)走私鴉片。 尼泊爾首都加德滿都距北京路途遙遠,且一路艱難險阻。尼泊爾五年進貢使團沿象征中尼傳統(tǒng)友誼的茶馬古道、吐蕃尼婆羅古道到達拉薩。拉薩至北京路線有兩種方案,一是川、陜、晉、直、京一線,此線是進貢使團的慣例路線,在潼關(guān)渡黃河;二是川、陜、豫、直、京一線,此線與前者的區(qū)別是改走河南而不是山西。原因有二:一是因自然原因選擇在孟津渡黃河,二是河南境內(nèi)鐵路的修通。 每遇使團進貢,清政府必沿途逐段護送。犒以酒食,賜以錦衣,授以車馬,配以通曉廓爾喀文字的翻譯。各地督撫迎送,皇帝親自接見,并賜以筵宴、賞賜較高品級的頂戴和朝服。但由于陜甘回民叛亂、丁戊奇荒及清政府對使團的提防等因,1866年和1877年兩支使團被阻擋在了打箭爐。 自尼泊爾拉納家族創(chuàng)始人、首相忠格·巴哈杜爾始,拉納家族通過陸路向中國走私鴉片。其顯著特征是操控和利用了具有外交豁免權(quán)的五年進貢使團。本文試分析了尼泊爾拉納家族的鴉片走私系統(tǒng)和銷售情況等。 在1852-1906這60年里,清朝雖已日薄西山,但尼泊爾五年進貢使團還一如既往地向天朝進貢。尼泊爾拉納家族雖濫用進貢使團豁免權(quán)夾帶私貨、走私鴉片,由進貢的政治性使團轉(zhuǎn)向貿(mào)易為主的商業(yè)使團,但其充當和平友好使者的使命沒有改變,仍發(fā)揮著重要的作用。
[Abstract]:After the second Tibetan War in 1792, Gurkha (Nepal) voluntarily paid tribute to the Qing Dynasty for five years. Nepal's five-year tribute system was an important part of Sino-Nepalese relations in the 1819th century. Nepal sent 18 tribute missions in five years from 1792 to 1906. In the first 60 years from 1792 to 1852, Nepal sent 12 tribute missions. The practice of paying tribute every five years has been carried out more strictly. Six missions were sent between 1852 and 1906, and this practice was not well carried out. Five-year tributary missions were sent to Nepal from 1852 to 1906 in the following 60 years. Sino-Nepalese relations have undergone subtle changes in 1852, with the British-backed Nepalese hero Prime Minister Zongg Bahadur in power. In five years the tribute mission began to change from a purely political mission to a trade mission and abused its diplomatic immunity to smuggle opium. Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, is a long way from Beijing. Nepal's five-year tributary corps arrived in Lhasa along the Tea Horse Road, a symbol of traditional friendship between China and Nepal. There are two plans for the Lhasa to Beijing route. One is the line between Sichuan, Shaanxi, Jin, Zhi, and Beijing. This line is the customary route for paying tribute missions, crossing the Yellow River at Tongguan. The other is the line of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan, straight and Beijing. The difference between this line and the former is to move to Henan instead of Shanxi. There are two reasons: first, because of natural reasons to choose to cross the Yellow River in Mengjin, second, the railway repair in Henan Province. Whenever tribute was paid to the mission, the Qing government would escort it along the way. With wine and food, with brocade clothing, with horses and chariots, with a good translation of Gurkha. The emperors personally received the emperors, and gave them feasts, as well as high-grade attire and attire. However, due to the Shaanxi-Gansu Hui Rebellion, Dingqi wasteland and the Qing government's guard against the missions, two missions were blocked in 1866 and 1877. Since Nepal's Rana family founder and prime minister, Bahadur, the Rana family has smuggled opium to China by land. It is marked by the manipulation and use of five-year tributary missions with diplomatic immunity. This paper tries to analyze the opium smuggling system and sales of Nepal Rana family. During the 60 years of 1852-1906, Nepal's five-year tributary corps paid tribute to China as usual. Although the Nepalese Rana family abused the exemption of paying tribute missions to carry private goods, smuggled opium, and changed from political missions in tribute to commercial missions mainly in trade, their mission of serving as ambassadors for peace and friendship remained unchanged and still played an important role.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K256

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