本文選題：“滿洲”問題 + “滿洲”軍政　； 參考：《東北師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：“滿洲”原為滿族的舊稱，在日本對中國進行侵略的過程中它逐漸變成了一個政治地理名詞，泛指中國東北地區(qū)。由于其處于中國內(nèi)地和西伯利亞的入口，在近代受到列強的格外關(guān)注，與各國在政治上、經(jīng)濟上都有著深刻的利害關(guān)系。1904年由于日俄兩國矛盾的激化，最終爆發(fā)了日俄戰(zhàn)爭，“滿洲”不僅成為兩國爭奪的目標之一，并且淪為雙方角逐的場所。 1905年9月5日，日本在戰(zhàn)爭中取得勝利，通過《樸茨茅斯條約》從俄國手中繼承了其在“滿洲”的相關(guān)權(quán)益，其勢力正式侵入“南滿”。但是在戰(zhàn)爭中日本無視中國的主權(quán)，肆意在所到之處建立軍事行政機構(gòu)實行所謂軍政，最終引起了清政府的抗議；同時日本憑借軍事上的優(yōu)勢排擠英美商人的政策，也與美國提出的“門戶開放”政策發(fā)生嚴重的沖突，同樣引起了英美的不滿和抗議。這樣在日俄戰(zhàn)后，，日本就面臨了一個所謂的“滿洲”問題。 面對這種狀況，日本政府內(nèi)部就對“滿洲”采取什么樣的經(jīng)營政策上出現(xiàn)了嚴重的分歧。備受英美壓力的外務(wù)省以加藤高明為代表，主張在“滿洲”實行“門戶開放”，而在戰(zhàn)爭中得勢的陸軍卻對此態(tài)度消極，從而引起外務(wù)省的不滿；同時對此問題陸軍內(nèi)部的意見也并不統(tǒng)一，以山縣有朋為首的陸軍中央和以兒玉源太郎為代表的“滿洲”駐軍之間分歧最為明顯。面對這種狀況，1906年5月伊藤博文主導召開了有山縣有朋、首相西園寺公望等元老閣臣參加的“滿洲”問題協(xié)議會，使各方的意見實現(xiàn)了初步的統(tǒng)一，做出了在“滿洲”廢軍政、實行“門戶開放”決定，從而使矛盾得到暫時的緩和。 本文主要通過對日俄戰(zhàn)后初期，日本政府內(nèi)部在“滿洲”問題上出現(xiàn)的分歧和其對“滿洲”經(jīng)營政策的討論過程進行研究，從而揭示這一時期日本“滿洲”經(jīng)營政策的特點和成因。
[Abstract]:Manchuria, formerly known as Manchu, gradually became a political geographical term in the course of Japanese aggression against China, referring generally to Northeast China. Because it is located in the entrance of mainland China and Siberia, it has been paid special attention to by the great powers in modern times, and has a profound interest in politics and economy. Because of the intensification of the contradiction between Japan and Russia in 1904, the war between Japan and Russia finally broke out. Manchuria became not only one of the targets of the two countries, but also the arena of the two sides. On September 5, 1905, Japan won the war and inherited its rights and interests in Manchuria from Russia through the Treaty of Portsmouth. But in the war, Japan ignored China's sovereignty and wantonly set up a military administration wherever it went to carry out the so-called military administration, which eventually led to protests by the Qing government.At the same time, Japan relied on its military superiority to crowd out British and American businessmen. There is also a serious conflict with the open-door policy proposed by the United States, which also aroused discontent and protest from the United States and the United States. In this way, after the war between Japan and Russia, Japan faced a so-called Manchuria problem. Faced with this situation, there are serious differences within the Japanese government over what kind of operating policy to adopt on Manchuria. Under British and American pressure, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, represented by Kato Gaoming, advocated the implementation of "open doors" in "Manchuria", but the army, which gained power in the war, took a negative attitude, which caused dissatisfaction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, opinions on this issue are not uniform within the Army, and the differences between the Central Army Central Committee headed by friends in Shan County and the "Manchuria" garrison represented by Yuyutaro Yeh are most obvious. Faced with this situation, in May 1906 Ito Bowen led the convening of a meeting on the "Manchuria" issue, which included friends in Yushan County and public hope of Prime Minister Xiyuan Temple, which resulted in a preliminary unification of the views of all parties and the abolition of military and political affairs in "Manchuria". The decision to "open doors" has been implemented, thereby temporarily easing the conflict. This paper mainly studies the differences within the Japanese government on the issue of "Manchuria" in the early post-war period of Japan-Russia and its discussion process on the "Manchuria" management policy. In order to reveal this period of Japanese "Manchuria" management policy characteristics and causes.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K257;K313

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