本文選題：民國(guó) + 山東　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)自西周開(kāi)始就逐漸形成了聯(lián)戶(hù)自衛(wèi)的傳統(tǒng)。清代前期,在政府的倡率下,山東出現(xiàn)了較為低級(jí)的聯(lián)莊自衛(wèi)活動(dòng),后來(lái)為了鎮(zhèn)壓太平天國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng),清政府號(hào)召辦理團(tuán)練,有組織地統(tǒng)領(lǐng)各村開(kāi)展聯(lián)合自衛(wèi)的聯(lián)莊會(huì)在山東正式興起。北洋時(shí)期由于天災(zāi)頻繁和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩,山東士紳自發(fā)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的聯(lián)莊會(huì)獲得了較大發(fā)展。韓復(fù)榘治魯時(shí)期,由于省政府的大力介入并推動(dòng),聯(lián)莊會(huì)的發(fā)展達(dá)到了高潮。在北洋政府統(tǒng)治的后期,由于省府的無(wú)能和憑借既有的警團(tuán)力量無(wú)力消除嚴(yán)重匪患,一些縣政府在組建聯(lián)莊會(huì)的同時(shí),開(kāi)始在全縣推行統(tǒng)一的組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制度,加強(qiáng)對(duì)聯(lián)莊會(huì)的整合和控制。韓復(fù)榘領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的山東省府不僅在取消其它武裝會(huì)社組織的同時(shí),確立了聯(lián)莊會(huì)的合法自衛(wèi)組織地位;而且在組織、裝備、訓(xùn)練、獎(jiǎng)懲和經(jīng)費(fèi)等各方面強(qiáng)化對(duì)全省聯(lián)莊會(huì)的掌控,提升其自衛(wèi)水平。此時(shí)的鄒平實(shí)驗(yàn)縣聯(lián)莊會(huì)與其它縣區(qū)相比,除了組織更加嚴(yán)密和訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容更加豐富外,還增加了常態(tài)化的補(bǔ)習(xí)訓(xùn)練。鄒平聯(lián)莊會(huì)作為鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的特色非常突出。從北洋到韓復(fù)榘統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,山東聯(lián)莊會(huì)逐步走向了全面國(guó)家化。全面抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)以后,山東聯(lián)莊會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出多樣化的消亡路徑。有些聯(lián)莊會(huì)為國(guó)民黨勢(shì)力所吸收和改編,成為正規(guī)的軍隊(duì);有些投靠了日軍,成為服務(wù)于日本侵略中國(guó)的工具;有些經(jīng)過(guò)中共的爭(zhēng)取而成為了八路軍。但是,無(wú)論走向何處,聯(lián)莊會(huì)都因失去了其基于鄉(xiāng)民開(kāi)展鄉(xiāng)村自衛(wèi)的特質(zhì)而消亡。民國(guó)山東聯(lián)莊會(huì)在開(kāi)展地方自衛(wèi)、抗災(zāi)搶險(xiǎn)、反抗反動(dòng)政府對(duì)地方的盤(pán)剝等方面都發(fā)揮了積極作用。但是,聯(lián)莊會(huì)因囿于地方利益,在復(fù)雜的歷史條件下,往往會(huì)受外在勢(shì)力的影響而做出不同的選擇,或者參加革命和抗戰(zhàn),或者鎮(zhèn)壓革命和投降日軍,從而對(duì)歷史的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了促進(jìn)和阻礙的兩面影響。但是從總體上考量,山東聯(lián)莊會(huì)對(duì)歷史的發(fā)展主要起到了推動(dòng)作用。通過(guò)對(duì)山東聯(lián)莊會(huì)的研究可知,當(dāng)代建設(shè)穩(wěn)定的鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)應(yīng)該從民眾的需要出發(fā),加強(qiáng)組織建設(shè),開(kāi)展常態(tài)化訓(xùn)練。只有在政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,通過(guò)官與民的積極互動(dòng),才能維持一個(gè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)。
[Abstract]:Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, China has gradually formed the tradition of joint household self-defense. In the early Qing Dynasty, under the government's initiative, a relatively low level of self-defense activities appeared in Shandong. Later, in order to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, the Qing government called for a regiment training. Organized leadership of the villages to develop joint self-defense association in Shandong Province, the official rise. Due to frequent natural disasters and social turbulence during the Northern Ocean period, Shandong gentry's spontaneous leadership of the United Zhuang Association made great progress. Han Fu-ju during the period of Lu, due to the strong involvement and promotion of the provincial government, the development of the United Zhuang Commission reached a climax. In the late days of the Bei Yang government, due to the incompetence of the provincial government and the inability to eliminate serious banditry by virtue of the existing police regiment, some county governments began to implement a unified organizational leadership system throughout the county while setting up a joint council. Strengthen the integration and control of the village. The Shandong Provincial Government, led by Han Fu-chu, not only abolished other armed association organizations, but also established the legal self-defense organization status of the United Nations Association; it also strengthened its control over the provincial association in all aspects such as organization, equipment, training, rewards, punishments, funds, and so on. Raise their level of self-defense. Compared with other counties, the Zouping Experimental County Association not only has more strict organization and more abundant training contents, but also has increased the regular remedial training. Zouping Lianzhuang as the leader of rural construction organization is very prominent. From the Northern Ocean to the reign of Han Fu-chu, Shandong Union Zhuang Association gradually moved towards full-scale nationalization. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, Shandong United Zhuang will present a diversified path of extinction. Some of them were absorbed and adapted by Kuomintang forces to become regular troops; others turned to the Japanese army to serve Japan's invasion of China; and others became the eighth Route Army after the Communist Party's struggle. However, wherever it went, the United Nations died because of the loss of its rural self-defense based on the villagers. Shandong Lianzhuang Association of the Republic of China has played a positive role in developing local self-defense, fighting against disasters and rescuing danger, resisting the reactionary government's exploitation of local areas, and so on. However, because of their local interests and complicated historical conditions, they often made different choices under the influence of external forces, either to participate in the revolution and the war of resistance, or to suppress the revolution and surrender to the Japanese army. Thus, the history of the development of the promotion and hindrance of both sides of the impact. But on the whole, Shandong United Zhuang Association played a major role in promoting the development of history. Through the study of Shandong Lianzhuang Association, we can know that the contemporary construction of stable rural society should proceed from the needs of the people, strengthen the organizational construction and carry out regular training. Only under the leadership of the government, through the positive interaction between the government and the people, can a stable and developing rural society be maintained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K26

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