本文選題：北平 + 國(guó)都��； 參考：《中共中央黨�！�2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 國(guó)都是一個(gè)國(guó)家的象征,一個(gè)中央政權(quán)總是與其國(guó)都緊密聯(lián)系在一起的,甚至有時(shí)我們以國(guó)都所在地來代指中央政府。民國(guó)時(shí)期,由于戰(zhàn)亂不斷,國(guó)都也是遷移不斷,民國(guó)史上不少重大事件,都與“都城”的搬遷相聯(lián)系。從某種角度來說,一部民國(guó)史可以說是民國(guó)遷都史。 本文討論的是1928年南方國(guó)民政府打敗北洋閥政府后的遷都和社會(huì)輿論。在研究過程中筆者從政治史、社會(huì)史和區(qū)域史的角度對(duì)社會(huì)各個(gè)階層關(guān)于國(guó)都南遷的態(tài)度進(jìn)行了梳理,形成以下的觀點(diǎn): 首先,國(guó)民黨內(nèi)不同派別對(duì)國(guó)都問題的態(tài)度及其各自目的。以蔣介石為首的南京國(guó)民政府,首都南遷,對(duì)其來說不僅僅是其勢(shì)力范圍在江浙一帶,更重要的是通過國(guó)都南遷,“忠實(shí)”實(shí)踐總理的理論及遺訓(xùn),獲得國(guó)民黨內(nèi)部全體成員的同意和承認(rèn),在國(guó)內(nèi)外和國(guó)民黨內(nèi)部確立其政權(quán)的正當(dāng)性和合法性;以閻錫山和馮玉祥為首的北方實(shí)力派,首先從維護(hù)自身利益考慮提出國(guó)都問題,但是這種考慮同樣符合當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)的國(guó)情,引起一些與國(guó)都南遷沒有直接利益人士的共鳴。 其次,北方社會(huì)輿論與國(guó)都南移。以《大公報(bào)》為代表的北方其他各地與國(guó)都南遷沒有直接關(guān)系,他們的態(tài)度相對(duì)來說比較平和;以北平市民為代表的社會(huì)群體與國(guó)都南移有著切身利益,他們對(duì)國(guó)都問題的態(tài)度有一個(gè)變化過程:態(tài)度含蓄期,最初是同意國(guó)民大會(huì)公決,態(tài)度比較含蓄。因?yàn)楸本┳怨乓詠砭蜑槭锥?他們自信國(guó)都會(huì)建在北平;明確反對(duì)期,當(dāng)國(guó)民政府明令遷都南京時(shí),則公開的反對(duì),主要從自身利益考慮,比如說失業(yè),生活困苦等;面對(duì)既成事實(shí)期,最后面對(duì)既成事實(shí),只有接受,進(jìn)而考慮北京以后的發(fā)展途徑。在本部分的敘述中,還會(huì)附帶提到北平市民對(duì)奉軍和國(guó)民革命軍的態(tài)度。北平市民反對(duì)遷都并不是說他們對(duì)奉系軍閥懷有感情,相反他們對(duì)國(guó)民革命軍占領(lǐng)北京是持歡迎態(tài)度的,他們反對(duì)的只是國(guó)都的南遷。 最后,政治運(yùn)行與社會(huì)輿論的關(guān)系,二者既有互動(dòng)性又有背離性。從互動(dòng)性看,南京政府雖然把國(guó)都遷到南京,但迫于輿論的壓力,也進(jìn)行了妥協(xié),同意把河北省省會(huì)從天津移到北平。這說明政治運(yùn)行過程的輿論作用不容忽視。但是也必須看到,雖然北方社會(huì)一再反對(duì),但是國(guó)都還是南移,也可以看作其背離性。同時(shí),也通過討論國(guó)都南遷對(duì)故都市民造成的影響,來側(cè)面回應(yīng)一下當(dāng)下關(guān)于首都遷移的議論。
[Abstract]:A state is a symbol of a country. A central government is always closely linked with its country. Even sometimes we refer to the central government at the place where the country is located. During the period of the Republic of China, because of the war, the country had been migrated constantly, and many important events in the history of the Republic of China were associated with the relocation of the "capital city". From a certain point of view, A history of the Republic of China can be said to be the history of the migration of the Republic of China.
This paper discusses the relocation and public opinion of the southern national government in 1928 after the defeat of the Beiyang valve government. In the course of the study, the author from the perspective of political history, social history and regional history has combed the attitudes of all social strata on the south migration, forming the following views:
First, the attitudes of different factions in the Kuomintang and their respective aims of the national capital in the Kuomintang were moved south of the Nanjing national government, led by Jiang Jieshi, not only in the area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but more importantly through the southward migration of the country, and "faithfully" to practice the prime minister's theory and training and to obtain the same members of the Kuomintang. Meaning and recognition, the legitimacy and legitimacy of the political power within the country and the Kuomintang; the northern power faction headed by Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang, first of all, to consider the issue of going abroad from the maintenance of its own interests, but this consideration also conforms to the national conditions of the time of the time of China, and causes a number of people who have no direct interest in the southward migration of the country.
Secondly, the public opinion and the country in the north are moving south. There is no direct relationship between the other northern parts of the north and the country, represented by the great public newspaper. Their attitude is relatively peaceful; the social groups and countries represented by the Beiping citizens have a vital interest, and their attitude towards the problem of the national capital has a changing process: the period of implicit attitude At first, it agreed with the national assembly for a referendum. Because Beijing had been the capital since ancient times, their confidence country would be built in Beiping; when the national government ordered the capital to move to Nanjing, the public objected, mainly from its own interests, such as loss of business, life hardship, and so on. In fact, only acceptance, and further consideration of the way of development after Beijing. In this section, there will also be a reference to the attitude of the citizens of Beiping to the army and the national revolutionary army. The citizens of Beiping are not saying they have feelings for the warlords, but they are welcome to the occupation of Beijing by the national revolution army. They oppose it. It's just that the country is moving south.
Finally, the relations between the political operation and the public opinion are both interactive and deviant. From the perspective of interaction, the government of Nanjing, though moving the country to Nanjing, is under the pressure of public opinion, and has also made a compromise and agreed to move the provincial capital of Hebei from Tianjin to Beiping. This shows that the role of public opinion in the process of political operation can not be ignored. But it must also be done. We can see that although the northern society has repeatedly objected, the country is still moving south, and it can be seen as its deviation. At the same time, by discussing the influence of the southward migration of the country to the urban people, the comments on the migration of the capital are in response to the present.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K258

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