本文選題：清政府 + 美國(guó)政府��； 參考：《西南民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,英國(guó)迫使中國(guó)打開(kāi)了國(guó)門(mén),西方列強(qiáng)相繼展開(kāi)對(duì)中國(guó)資源的掠奪,美國(guó)也隨后加入其中,攫取勞動(dòng)力就是其目標(biāo)之一。起初華人赴美多為加利福尼亞州內(nèi)的“淘金熱”所吸引,此后隨著美國(guó)西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的開(kāi)展,太平洋鐵路開(kāi)始修建,美國(guó)對(duì)華工的需求增加,大批華人在沒(méi)有法律保障的條件下赴美打工,尋求財(cái)富。但清政府歷來(lái)有禁止華人出洋的政策,面對(duì)越來(lái)越多的出洋打工者,地方政府官員成為最先與洋人交涉華工事務(wù)的主力,但他們對(duì)華工的態(tài)度并不一致,有的遲遲不愿正視這個(gè)問(wèn)題;有的為避免中外糾紛,開(kāi)始設(shè)置章程進(jìn)行管理。而對(duì)于中央政府來(lái)說(shuō),他們更愿意將與洋人交涉之事交給地方政府辦理,令其對(duì)華工出洋進(jìn)行一定的限制和保護(hù)。為了在華合法地獲取勞動(dòng)力,1868年,美國(guó)政府在蒲安臣率中國(guó)使團(tuán)訪(fǎng)美之際,同其簽訂了《蒲安臣條約》。從該條約對(duì)華工的影響來(lái)看,作為允許華人自由赴美的正式法律文件,《蒲安臣條約》不僅為美國(guó)獲得充足勞動(dòng)力打開(kāi)了便利之門(mén),也確立了美國(guó)保護(hù)華工的義務(wù)。但隨著19世紀(jì)70年代美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的爆發(fā),政黨競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的激烈,種族主義分子的煽動(dòng)等因素,美國(guó)的排華運(yùn)動(dòng)從地方現(xiàn)象上升到國(guó)家層面,矛頭直指華工,清政府及駐美公使由此展開(kāi)了與美國(guó)政府的交涉與斡旋,這是中國(guó)近代社會(huì)中不可忽視的重要?dú)v程。本文以1868年《蒲安臣條約》的簽訂到1882年《排華法案》的出臺(tái)為研究主線(xiàn),對(duì)《蒲安臣條約》與中美交涉華工問(wèn)題進(jìn)行整體性討論。通過(guò)分析中美政府圍繞《蒲安臣條約》交涉的具體事例,闡釋《蒲安臣條約》所載的權(quán)利與漏洞在中美政府交涉華工問(wèn)題中的影響,梳理《蒲安臣條約》簽訂前后中美政府對(duì)華工問(wèn)題的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的脈絡(luò),考察影響中美交涉華工事務(wù)的主要因素,進(jìn)而分析這一時(shí)期的中美關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, Britain forced China to open its door to the outside world. Western powers began to plunder Chinese resources one after another, and the United States subsequently joined in. At first, most Chinese went to the United States to be attracted by the "Gold Rush" in California. Then, with the westward movement in the United States, the Pacific Railway began to be built, and the demand for Chinese workers in the United States increased. Large numbers of Chinese work in the United States without legal protection in search of wealth. However, the Qing government has always had a policy of prohibiting Chinese workers from going abroad. In the face of more and more foreign workers, local government officials became the main force in the first negotiations with foreigners about Chinese labor affairs, but their attitude toward Chinese workers was not consistent. Some are reluctant to face up to this problem; others have set up articles of association to avoid disputes between China and foreign countries. For the central government, they are more willing to negotiate with foreigners to the local government to make certain restrictions and protection of Chinese workers out of the country. In order to obtain the labor force legally in China, in 1868, the US government signed the Treaty of Buanchen with the Chinese Mission at the time of his visit to the United States. Judging from the influence of the treaty on Chinese workers, as an official legal document allowing Chinese to go to the United States freely, the Treaty of Buanchen not only opened the door for the United States to obtain sufficient labor force, but also established the obligation of the United States to protect Chinese workers. However, with the outbreak of the economic crisis in the United States in the 1870s, the fierce competition among political parties and the incitement of racist elements and other factors, the anti-Chinese movement in the United States rose from the local phenomenon to the national level, and the spearhead was directed at Chinese workers. Therefore, the Qing government and its envoy to the United States began to negotiate and mediate with the American government, which is an important process in modern Chinese society. This paper takes the signing of the Treaty of Buanchen in 1868 and the introduction of the exclusion Act of 1882 as the main line of study, and makes a holistic discussion on the negotiations between the Treaty of Buanchen and China and the United States on the issue of Chinese workers. By analyzing the concrete examples of the negotiations between the Chinese and American governments around the Treaty of Puanchen, this paper explains the influence of the rights and loopholes contained in the Treaty of Puanchen on the negotiation of Chinese workers by the Chinese and American governments. This paper combs the changing context of the attitude of the Chinese and American governments on the issue of Chinese workers before and after the signing of the Treaty of Buanchen, examines the main factors that affect the negotiations between China and the United States on the issue of Chinese workers, and then analyzes the Sino-American relations in this period.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K252

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