本文選題：清末 + 鹽政改革��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：清末預(yù)備立憲時(shí)期的鹽政改革,是清末財(cái)政改革的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié),同時(shí)也是晚清新政改革的一個(gè)重要組成部分。但很多學(xué)者在相關(guān)的論著、文章中都只是一筆帶過(guò),目前對(duì)此的專門研究卻沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。本文將在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,充分挖掘史料,運(yùn)用實(shí)證研究方法,把鹽政改革放在清末憲政的背景下,并且從政治史的角度,綜合分析清末預(yù)備立憲時(shí)期的鹽政改革的背景、改革的推行及其推行過(guò)程中的矛盾、改革的具體內(nèi)容及對(duì)民初鹽政改革的影響。 全文由緒論、正文、結(jié)語(yǔ)三個(gè)部分組成,緒論部分主要介紹本文的選題緣由及研究意義,并對(duì)目前關(guān)于清代鹽政的研究做一綜述,指出本文的重難點(diǎn)、創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。正文部分分為四章,第一章對(duì)清末預(yù)備立憲時(shí)期的鹽政改革的背景做一論述。首先論述清朝鹽政體制在晚清發(fā)生的變化及其存在的問(wèn)題,然后就當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)上關(guān)于鹽政改革的輿論做一梳理,最后就晚清鹽政改革的直接動(dòng)因做一介紹。第二章論述清末鹽政改革章程的出臺(tái)及督撫態(tài)度。鹽政章程的出臺(tái),立即引發(fā)了各省督撫數(shù)次的聯(lián)合抵制,并對(duì)督撫反對(duì)鹽政章程的原因做一探討。第三章重點(diǎn)闡述清末鹽政改革的推行,這也是文章的主旨內(nèi)容,通過(guò)查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)鹽政改革主要是圍繞著如下四方面而進(jìn)行：改革鹽制(改革食鹽運(yùn)銷制度、改革票鹽制度、劃定鹽價(jià)、整理鹽務(wù)款項(xiàng)等)；改革鹽政官制；抵制外鹽輸入；鹽商公所的出現(xiàn)。第四章將對(duì)清末鹽政改革成效不佳的原因及其對(duì)民國(guó)鹽政改革的影響做一闡述。成效不佳的原因大體是由于清政府的腐敗虛弱、辦理鹽政改革專員的不力、中央與地方的矛盾等所造成,但清廷鹽政改革的一些機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、制度措施對(duì)民國(guó)鹽政改革起到了一定借鑒作用。 最后是結(jié)語(yǔ)部分,通過(guò)以上四章的具體論述,把清末鹽政改革放在整個(gè)清末新政中做一整體評(píng)價(jià),從中可以看出鹽政改革邁向近代的步履維艱。進(jìn)而也可以窺測(cè)出整個(gè)清末新政時(shí)期清廷借各方面的改革來(lái)加強(qiáng)中央集權(quán)的企圖,但是這一企圖由于晚清政府自身的原因及外重內(nèi)輕局面的形成而歸于失敗,同時(shí)加速了清廷自身走向滅亡的進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:Salt reform was an important link of fiscal reform in the late Qing Dynasty and an important part of the New deal reform in the late Qing Dynasty. However, many scholars in the relevant works, the article is only a stroke, but the current special research on this has not appeared. On the basis of previous studies, this paper fully excavates the historical data, applies the empirical research method, puts the salt policy reform under the background of the constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty, and from the angle of political history, comprehensively analyzes the background of the salt policy reform in the preparatory constitutional period in the late Qing Dynasty. The implementation of the reform and its contradictions in the implementation process, the specific content of the reform and the impact on the salt reform in the early Republic of China. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the reason and significance of this paper, and summarizes the current research on salt administration in Qing Dynasty, pointing out the important difficulties and innovation points of this paper. The text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the background of salt policy reform in the preparatory constitutional period in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper first discusses the changes and existing problems of the salt policy system in the late Qing Dynasty, then combs the public opinion on the salt policy reform in the society at that time, and finally introduces the direct causes of the salt policy reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The second chapter discusses the introduction of the salt reform charter and the attitude of governor in the late Qing Dynasty. The introduction of the salt policy charter immediately triggered several boycotts by provincial governors, and the reasons why the governor opposed the salt policy charter were discussed. The third chapter focuses on the implementation of salt policy reform in the late Qing Dynasty, which is also the main content of the article. By consulting relevant literature, it is found that the salt policy reform is mainly carried out around the following four aspects: reforming salt system (reforming salt transportation and marketing system). Reform the system of vote salt, define the salt price, arrange the salt affairs, etc.; reform the official system of salt administration; resist the import of foreign salt; the appearance of salt merchant's office. The fourth chapter will explain the reasons of the poor effect of salt policy reform in the late Qing Dynasty and its influence on the salt policy reform in the Republic of China. The reasons for the poor results were mainly caused by the weak corruption of the Qing government, the ineffectiveness of the commissioners in charge of salt reform, the contradictions between the central and local governments, and so on. However, some organs of the salt reform of the Qing government were set up. The system measures have played a certain reference role to the salt policy reform of the Republic of China. Finally, the conclusion part, through the above four chapters of the specific discussion, put the salt policy reform in the whole Qing Dynasty New deal to do a whole evaluation, from which we can see the salt policy reform towards the modern times difficult. Furthermore, we can also see the attempt of the Qing government to strengthen centralization of power through various reforms during the whole period of the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty, but this attempt failed because of the formation of the late Qing government and the formation of the situation of neglecting the inside and the outside. At the same time accelerated the Qing Dynasty itself to the end of the process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K257

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本文編號(hào)：1852022