本文選題：左宗棠 + 治疆思想　； 參考：《石河子大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：1840年,英國用堅船大炮打開中國的大門后,中國便處于不斷被動、挨打的地位,伴隨戰(zhàn)爭失敗的后果便是簽訂割地、賠款、開放通商口岸等條件的不平等條約。到19世紀60年代,浩罕國軍官阿古柏趁各民族起義的亂局入侵新疆。為在英俄角逐中亞的政治縫隙里求得生存,阿古柏積極向英國投懷送抱,尋求英國庇護。由于俄英勢力的干涉,新疆問題十分棘手。在朝廷內(nèi)部以李鴻章為代表的海防派指出用兵新疆的成本高而實際收益頗有限,力主捐棄新疆。此時,志在新疆的左宗棠力排眾議,揮師西征,并任用張曜、劉錦棠等謀勇兼優(yōu)的能才賢將僅一年半便一舉收復國土,奠定了中國西北邊疆的基本走向。因此,左宗棠西征是中國近代史和新疆史上濃墨重彩的一筆,而他對當?shù)亟?jīng)濟的開發(fā)和建設也構(gòu)成了新疆近代化的開端。如今,重新研究左宗棠治疆思想和實踐,可以從中獲得有益的歷史啟示,為處理新疆的經(jīng)濟建設、民族問題等提供了可資借鑒的經(jīng)驗。文章共分為三章。第一章是左宗棠治疆思想形成的歷史背景和原因。首先19世紀中后期的各民族反清起義、英俄干涉及罕汗國軍官阿古柏入侵造成的危機是左宗棠關(guān)注新疆的時代背景。其次,無論左宗棠是一介布衣書生,還是官居陜甘總督,他都很留意和關(guān)注新疆局勢,這種憂國憂民的情懷源于儒家傳統(tǒng)思想的熏陶。第二章是文章的主體部分,主要從西北邊防、經(jīng)濟開發(fā)、文化教育和處理民族關(guān)系等方面,詳細闡述了左宗棠的治疆思想及實踐。左宗棠認為要實現(xiàn)新疆長治久安,必須廢除伯克制度,進行制度改革,實現(xiàn)新疆與內(nèi)地的一體化管理。通過對新疆的政治制度變革、開發(fā)經(jīng)濟、普及教育等措施來鞏固邊防,維護國家統(tǒng)一。第三章包括兩部分,第一部分對左宗棠,其治疆思想及實踐進行了較為客觀的評價。第二部分是左宗棠治疆思想對當代新疆治理的啟示。左宗棠治疆思想及實踐對當代新疆治理的現(xiàn)代意義作為文章的落腳點,從以下幾方面著手:其一,加強兵團建設,發(fā)揮兵團穩(wěn)邊固疆的作用。其二,妥善處理民族關(guān)系,促進民族團結(jié),實現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展。其三,發(fā)展經(jīng)濟,消除貧困,在興疆中實現(xiàn)長治久安;其四,發(fā)展教育,縮小地區(qū)差距;
[Abstract]:In 1840, when the British opened the door of China with strong ships and cannons, China was in a position of constant passivity and being beaten. The consequences of the defeat of the war were the signing of unequal treaties under conditions such as land cutting, reparations, opening of ports of trade, and so on. By the 1860s, Haohan military officer Aguber invaded Xinjiang by the chaos of the uprisings of various nationalities. In order to survive in the political gap between Britain and Russia, Aguber actively gave in to Britain and sought British asylum. Due to the interference of Russian and British forces, the Xinjiang issue is very difficult. In the imperial court, represented by Li Hongzhang, the Haiphong faction pointed out that the cost of using troops in Xinjiang is high and the actual income is quite limited. At this time, the Zuo Zongtang, who is determined in Xinjiang, will resist the public's suggestion, force his troops to the west, and appoint Zhang Yao, Liu Jintang and other brave and excellent Nengcai Xian, who will recover the territory in only one and a half years, thus laying the basic trend of the northwest frontier of China. Therefore, Zuo Zongtang's expedition to the west was a striking event in the modern history of China and Xinjiang, and his development and construction of the local economy also constituted the beginning of Xinjiang's modernization. Now, studying Zuo Zongtang's thought and practice of ruling Xinjiang again can obtain beneficial historical enlightenment, and provide some useful experience for dealing with the economic construction and national problems of Xinjiang. The article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the historical background and reasons of Zuo Zongtang's thought of ruling Xinjiang. First, the crisis caused by the anti-Qing uprisings in the middle and late 19th century, the intervention of Britain and Russia and the invasion of Aguber by Hankhanate officers were the background in which Zuo Zongtang paid attention to Xinjiang. Secondly, no matter Zuo Zongtang is a scholar or a governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, he pays close attention to the situation in Xinjiang. The second chapter is the main part of the article, mainly from the northwest frontier defense, economic development, cultural education and handling of ethnic relations, elaborated Zuo Zongtang's thought and practice of ruling Xinjiang. Zuo Zongtang believes that in order to achieve long-term stability in Xinjiang, it is necessary to abolish Burke system, carry out system reform, and realize the integrated management between Xinjiang and the interior. In order to consolidate frontier defense and safeguard national unity, Xinjiang's political system reform, economic development and popularization of education and other measures are adopted. The third chapter includes two parts. The first part gives an objective evaluation of Zuo Zongtang's thought and practice of ruling Xinjiang. The second part is the enlightenment of Zuo Zongtang's thought of ruling Xinjiang to contemporary Xinjiang governance. Zuo Zongtang's thought and practice of ruling Xinjiang is the foothold of the article: firstly, it should strengthen the construction of the Corps and play the role of stabilizing the border and maintaining the border of Xinjiang. Second, properly handle ethnic relations, promote national unity, and achieve common development. Third, to develop the economy, eliminate poverty, and achieve long-term stability in revitalizing Xinjiang; fourth, to develop education and narrow the regional gap;
【學位授予單位】：石河子大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K252

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