本文選題：抗戰(zhàn) + 重慶�。� 參考：《重慶師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：重慶擁有著其獨特的地理環(huán)境,被稱為“山城”,傳統(tǒng)的陸上交通工具有轎子、滑竿等主要的代步工具。重慶處于長江和嘉陵江之交匯處,城市的水上交通工具在輪渡尚未出現(xiàn)以前主要是木渡,但是木船渡江方式存在著諸多風險,翻船事故時常發(fā)生。隨著城市不斷擴大,道路的修建,碼頭的管理,航道的整治,新型的水上交通工具出現(xiàn)在江面。輪渡的出現(xiàn)對重慶市民來說,無疑是一種更安全更有效率的新的渡江工具,輪渡實際上也是在木船渡的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的�？谷諔�(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以后,國民政府遷都至渝,許多政府機構(gòu),學校以及工廠都內(nèi)遷重慶,許多難民也沿長江紛紛從下游而遷至重慶,因此使得重慶人口大量增加,重慶城市規(guī)模不斷擴大,其政治經(jīng)濟地位迅速上升。1938年1月,重慶正式開辦了儲奇門到海棠溪的第一條輪渡航線,可謂是應(yīng)時而生。1938年9月,重慶輪渡股份有限公司正式成立標志著重慶城市的輪渡事業(yè)逐漸發(fā)展起來。抗戰(zhàn)期間經(jīng)營重慶城市輪渡的有兩家輪渡公司,除了1938年成立的重慶輪渡股份有限公司以外,還有1944年10月成立的渝工輪渡股份有限公司。由于后者在1945年才正式開航,因此探究重慶城市輪渡事業(yè)在抗戰(zhàn)時期的發(fā)展將主要以重慶輪渡股份有限公司為主線。重慶城市輪渡事業(yè)在興起發(fā)展時,經(jīng)歷著日機對重慶的大轟炸,毋庸置疑,遭受了大轟炸帶來的災(zāi)難和損失,但是在這樣惡劣的條件下,重慶城市輪渡事業(yè)在困境中生存并發(fā)展起來,并且在抗戰(zhàn)時期,開辦多條輪渡航線,將重慶城區(qū)、南岸、江北更密切的聯(lián)系起來,給市民提供了渡江便利。在發(fā)展過程中,重慶輪渡公司逐漸完善公司的組織系統(tǒng),分工明確,有效的提高工作效率;制定了眾多具體的規(guī)定,對售票制度的制定、囤船的管理、以及對輪渡安全問題的重視,再加上政府的管理,都是輪渡事業(yè)發(fā)展起來不可或缺的因素。但在發(fā)展過程中,也有諸多局限性所在。在輪渡公司創(chuàng)辦之初便有船幫為了生計而阻撓;因天氣或業(yè)務(wù)人員的疏忽出現(xiàn)的安全事故;貪污現(xiàn)象不能完全杜絕,影響著輪渡的財政收入;之后又因物價上漲,票價增長速度遠遠不及物價增漲速度。1941年以后,輪渡公司出現(xiàn)虧損現(xiàn)象,政府給予相應(yīng)補貼,并且為了節(jié)約開支,輪渡公司還制定了獎金辦法,一定程度上改善了財政問題。最值得提及的是在抗戰(zhàn)期間輪渡事業(yè)所做得貢獻。它成為重慶城市重要的公用事業(yè),為渝中半島、江北及南岸的市民渡江提供了方便。促進了重慶市政建設(shè)的完善,也促進了重慶的近代化和城市化發(fā)展。大轟炸時,肩負著輸送難民的任務(wù),時常免費輸送市民,為市民所稱頌。這項新興起來的事業(yè)憑借獨有的優(yōu)勢為抗戰(zhàn)做出了重要的貢獻。
[Abstract]:Chongqing has its unique geographical environment, known as "mountain city", traditional land vehicles have sedan chair, pole and other main means of movement. Chongqing is at the junction of the Yangtze River and Jialing River. Before the ferry, the main vehicle is wooden ferry, but there are many risks in the way of crossing the river by wooden boat, and accidents of capsizing often occur. With the expansion of cities, the construction of roads, the management of wharfs and the regulation of waterways, new types of water vehicles appear on the river. The appearance of ferry is undoubtedly a safer and more efficient means of crossing the river to the citizens of Chongqing. In fact, the ferry is also developed on the basis of wooden ferry. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the National Government moved its capital to Chongqing, many government agencies, schools and factories moved inside Chongqing, and many refugees moved to Chongqing along the Yangtze River from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. As a result, the population of Chongqing was greatly increased. In January 1938, Chongqing officially opened the first ferry route from Chungking to Haitang Creek, which was born in time. In September 1938, The establishment of Chongqing Ferry Co., Ltd. marks the gradual development of the city ferry industry in Chongqing. During the Anti-Japanese War, there were two ferry companies operating Chongqing City Ferry. In addition to Chongqing Ferry Co., Ltd., which was established in 1938, there was also Yugong Ferry Co., Ltd. established in October 1944. Since the latter was not formally set sail until 1945, the development of Chongqing City Ferry in the Anti-Japanese War period will mainly take Chongqing Ferry Co., Ltd as the main line. During the rise and development of the city ferry industry in Chongqing, it went through the Japanese bombing of Chongqing. Undoubtedly, it suffered the disaster and losses caused by the big bombing. But under such bad conditions, The city ferry industry in Chongqing survived and developed in the predicament, and during the War of Resistance against Japan, many ferry routes were opened, which connected Chongqing city, south bank and north of the Yangtze River more closely, and provided convenience for citizens to cross the river. In the process of development, Chongqing Ferry Company has gradually perfected the company's organizational system, assigned a clear division of labor, effectively improved its working efficiency, formulated numerous specific regulations, formulated the ticketing system, and managed the ship hoarding. The importance of ferry safety and the management of the government are the indispensable factors in the development of ferry industry. However, in the process of development, there are many limitations. At the beginning of the establishment of the ferry company, there were boat gangs obstructing them for their livelihood; safety accidents caused by the negligence of weather or business personnel; corruption could not be completely eliminated, which affected the ferry revenue; and then, because of the rise in prices, After 1941, the ferry company made a loss, the government subsidized it, and in order to save money, the ferry company also worked out a bonus scheme, which improved the financial problem to some extent. What is most worthy of mention is the contribution made by the ferry industry during the War of Resistance against Japan. It has become an important public utility in Chongqing city, providing convenience for the citizens of Yuzhong Peninsula, northern Yangtze River and south bank to cross the river. It also promotes the modernization and urbanization of Chongqing. During the bombardment, they carried the task of transporting refugees, often free of charge and praised by the citizens. This new cause made an important contribution to the War of Resistance by virtue of its unique advantages.
【學位授予單位】：重慶師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K265

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本文編號：1850022