本文選題：孫中山 + 蔣介石�。� 參考：《中國國家博物館館刊》2014年07期

【摘要】：民國保甲制度的復(fù)興,既與孫中山地方自治思想的局限性有關(guān),更與蔣介石對(duì)這種局限性的夸大和歪曲有關(guān)。孫中山關(guān)于地方自治的訓(xùn)政設(shè)計(jì)、認(rèn)為中國民眾"一盤散沙"以及重視傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)鄉(xiāng)村組織的作用,恰為蔣介石統(tǒng)制和訓(xùn)練民眾、恢復(fù)保甲制度提供了解釋的空間。然而,二者的地方自治思想有著本質(zhì)差異。在理論基礎(chǔ)方面,孫中山強(qiáng)調(diào)"主權(quán)在民",主張權(quán)利與義務(wù)的統(tǒng)一,而蔣介石更強(qiáng)調(diào)人民單方面應(yīng)盡的義務(wù);在實(shí)施主體上,孫中山強(qiáng)調(diào)以縣為地方自治單位,體現(xiàn)中央與地方的分權(quán),蔣介石則強(qiáng)調(diào)縣以下基層鄉(xiāng)村為自治單位,體現(xiàn)了國家對(duì)社會(huì)的控制;在推進(jìn)方式上,孫中山主張用教育方式訓(xùn)練民眾,逐步擴(kuò)大民權(quán),蔣介石更強(qiáng)調(diào)以軍事化手段強(qiáng)化民眾的服從意識(shí);在借鑒中國古代傳統(tǒng)時(shí),孫中山主張融貫中西,探索適合中國實(shí)際的地方自治模式,而蔣介石借鑒中國古代保甲制度則是為了"剿共"的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。
[Abstract]:The revival of Baojia system in the Republic of China is related not only to the limitation of Sun Zhongshan's thought of local autonomy, but also to the exaggeration and distortion of this limitation by Jiang Jieshi. Sun Zhongshan's design of local autonomy thought that the Chinese people's "scattered sand" and attached importance to the role of rural organizations in traditional society, precisely provided a space for Jiang Jieshi to control and train the people and restore the Baojia system. However, there is an essential difference between the two ideas of local autonomy. On the theoretical basis, Sun Zhongshan stressed that "sovereignty lies in the people," advocating the unity of rights and obligations, while Jiang Jieshi stressed the people's unilateral obligations. In terms of the main body of implementation, Sun Zhongshan emphasized that the county was the unit of local autonomy. Reflecting the separation of powers between the central and local governments, Jiang Jieshi stressed that the grass-roots villages below the county level were autonomous units, reflecting the state's control over society. In terms of the way of advancing, Sun Zhongshan advocated the training of the people by means of education and the gradual expansion of civil rights. Jiang Jieshi also stressed that militarization means should be used to strengthen the people's consciousness of servitude. When drawing lessons from the ancient Chinese tradition, Sun Zhongshan advocated the integration of China and the West and explored a model of local autonomy suitable for China's reality. Jiang Jieshi drew lessons from the ancient Chinese armour protection system for the purpose of suppressing the Communist Party.
【作者單位】： 天津外國語大學(xué)思政部;
【基金】：筆者主持2013年天津外國語大學(xué)“十二五”科研規(guī)劃思想政治工作專項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目《二十世紀(jì)長江中下游地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)變遷研究》(項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)號(hào):SZ13YB03) 2013年國家社科基金項(xiàng)目《抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期國家紀(jì)念日研究》(項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)號(hào):13CZS037)的階段性成果
【分類號(hào)】：K25;D691

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