發(fā)布時間：2018-04-23 08:36

  本文選題：四川縣政人員訓練所 + 劉湘��； 參考：《四川師范大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：二十世紀三十年代中期,川政統(tǒng)一后,劉湘需要在全川消除原有割據(jù)勢力對地方各級行政人員的影響力,減小并進而根除地方土劣以及哥老會勢力對基層社會的控制,舉辦縣政人員訓練所,對基層行政人員進行選拔、培養(yǎng)、籠絡(luò)、扶植、任用、考核,使其死心塌地聽命于劉湘政權(quán),便是劉湘舉辦縣訓的考量之一。 劉湘統(tǒng)一川政的過程及完成統(tǒng)一的初期,紅四方面軍一直在川陜地區(qū)進行民眾動員工作。中共在基層的強大動員能力,極大地削弱了四川軍閥對鄉(xiāng)村基層社會的控制力,使劉湘等人認識到穩(wěn)固基層社會的重要性。同時,中共在基層成功的動員、組織成效及其經(jīng)驗,也給劉湘以相當?shù)拇碳?成為他舉辦基層行政人員培訓,以加強基層社會控制的又一大動因。 為了消除劉湘對四川的控制,蔣中央按照原來在江西的經(jīng)驗,在四川實行行政督察專員制度,著手縣政改革,裁局設(shè)科,分區(qū)設(shè)署,并打算對縣長、區(qū)長、保甲長等進行訓練,使其歸附中央,然后交由劉湘任命,充實基層政權(quán),使劉湘失去對四川的支配。不僅如此,蔣中央還通過別動隊組織開辦壯丁干部訓練班,剝奪劉湘對基層社會的治安控制權(quán)。蔣中央一系列爭奪地方行政人員的行為,直接促使劉湘大力開辦類似的培訓組織,減少或消除蔣中央對其的干擾,將基層控制人員有效地納入到劉湘的政權(quán)體系之中。四川縣政人員訓練所就是在這樣的背景下開辦起來的。 四川省政府制定了詳細的《縣政人員訓練所章程》,指導對縣政人員的培訓工作�？h訓學員年齡介于25至50歲之間,其中28至35歲的人數(shù)最多,可謂年富力強�？h訓學員普遍學歷層次較高,并有一定的從政經(jīng)驗,而且出身于學界的受訓人員遠多于出身于軍界者,這多少反映出,劉湘希望改變舊防區(qū)制時代軍人把持一切的格局,使基層政治走上文官治理的正道上來。 四川公務(wù)員資格甄查委員會按照章程的規(guī)定,并根據(jù)劉湘的用人標準來選拔縣訓學員,基本按照“登記從寬,考試從嚴”的原則招考學員。 縣訓班開設(shè)的學科主要包括精神訓練、技能訓練和軍事訓練�？h政訓練的辦法還包括召開小組討論會,勞動服務(wù)以及參觀學習等�？h訓班的課程設(shè)置,基本照搬了以前蔣介石在江西開辦的類似培訓班的內(nèi)容,貫徹“三分軍事,七分政治”的原則來訓練縣政人員。在訓練方法中,特別強調(diào)進行精神、思想、紀律教育。 各級教官中多有蔣中央派出的人員,他們承擔了許多專業(yè)課程,他們利用任職的便利,挖空心思欲將縣訓人員納入蔣中央的控制之下。而劉湘方面則要求蔣介石只能居于領(lǐng)導地位,一切實際工作則由劉湘負責主持。明確規(guī)定,縣長、區(qū)長由省府委派,行營雖然可以管省府,但絕對不能委任縣長、區(qū)長。劉將地方行政人員的任免權(quán)牢牢掌握在自己手里,促使一般學員因利害關(guān)系,聽命于省府方面。 縣訓所總共辦了三期,共訓練縣政人員1017人,縣訓學員大多得到了重用。劉湘利用縣政人員訓練所,在一定程度上鞏固了他在基層的統(tǒng)治地位。但總體而言,縣訓人員沒有統(tǒng)一的信仰,在蔣和劉之間來回擺動,他們以自己的利益為出發(fā)點,以功利主義的原則來進行選擇。在這樣的背景下,縣訓所不可能培養(yǎng)出以基層民眾利益為依歸的優(yōu)秀學員的。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 1930s, after the unification of the government of Sichuan Province, Liu Xiang needed to eliminate the influence of the original separatist forces on the local administrative personnel in the whole Sichuan Province, reduce and further eradicate the local soil and deterioration, and the control of the grass-roots society by the influence of the old society. It is one of the considerations of Liu Xiang to hold the county training that he should be determined to obey the Liu Xiang regime.
In the early stage of Liu Xiang's unification of the government, the red Fourth Army had been mobilizing the people in the Sichuan and Shaanxi areas. The strong mobilization ability of the Communist Party at the grass-roots level greatly weakened the control of the Sichuan warlords to the grass-roots society of the rural areas, and made Liu Xiang and others realize the importance of stabilizing the basic level society. At the same time, the Communist Party was successful at the grass-roots level. The mobilization, the organizational effectiveness and the experience have also been stimulated by Liu Xiang, which has become another major motive for the training of grass-roots administrative personnel to strengthen the social control at the grass-roots level.
In order to eliminate Liu Xiang's control of Sichuan, the central government, in accordance with the original experience in Jiangxi, carried out the administrative inspector system in Sichuan, set about the reform of the county administration, set up a section and set up a division, and planned to train the head of the county, the district chief, the head of the guard and so on to make it attached to the Central Committee, but then he was appointed by Liu Xiang to enrich the grass-roots political power, so that Liu Xiang lost four Not only that, but Jiang Zhongyang also organized a training class of Zhuang cadres through a team of troops to deprive Liu Xiang of the control of public security in the grass-roots society. The conduct of a series of local administrative personnel in Chiang Kai Shek's Central Committee directly prompted Liu Xiang to energetically open a similar training organization to reduce or eliminate the interference from Chiang's central government and to control the grass-roots personnel. Effectively incorporated into Liu Xiang's political system, the Sichuan county government training center was set up under such a background.
The Sichuan provincial government has formulated the detailed constitution of the county political personnel training institute to guide the training of county political personnel. The students of county training are between 25 and 50 years old, among which the number of people from 28 to 35 years old is the most powerful. The trainees of county training have a high level of education and have some political experience, and the trainees from the academic field are far more trained. When he came from the army, it was reflected that Liu Xiang wanted to change the pattern of all the soldiers in the old defense system and put the grass-roots politics on the right path to civilian governance.
In accordance with the provisions of the articles of association, the Sichuan civil service qualification screening committee selects the trainees in accordance with the standards of Liu Xiang's personnel, and basically recruits students in accordance with the principle of "wide registration and strict examination".
The courses offered by the county training class mainly include mental training, skill training and military training. The methods of county political training include the convening of group discussions, labor services and visiting and learning. The curriculum of the county training class has been set up, and the contents of the similar training classes established by Jiang Jieshi in Jiangxi have been basically copied, and the "three points military, seven points politics" is carried out. The principle is to train county officials. In training methods, special emphasis should be placed on mental, ideological and disciplinary education.
At all levels, most of the officers at all levels were sent by Chiang Kai Shek, who had undertaken a number of professional courses. They took advantage of the convenience of their posts to bring the county trainers into the control of the central government. While Liu Xiang asked Jiang Jieshi to be only in the leadership position, and all the actual work was chaired by Liu Xiang. If the provincial capital is appointed, although the camp can manage the provincial capital, it is absolutely impossible to appoint the magistrate and the district chief. Liu will hold the right of appointment and removal of the local administrative personnel firmly in his own hands, prompting the general cadets to obey the provincial capital for their interests.
The county training institute had a total of three periods, a total of 1017 county political personnel, and most of the county trainees were reused. Liu Xiang used the county political personnel training institute to consolidate his ruling position at the grass-roots level. However, in general, the county trainees did not have a unified belief and swung back and forth between Chiang and Liu, and they set out on their own interests. In the context of the utilitarian principle, it is impossible for the county training center to train outstanding students who are at the grassroots level.

【學位授予單位】：四川師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K265

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