本文選題：李儀祉 + 黃河��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：李儀祉（1882-1938）是我國近代著名的水利專家、教育家，被譽(yù)為“近代中國水利之父”，為我國江河治理事業(yè)做出了貢獻(xiàn)。尤其是在黃河治理方面，從20世紀(jì)20年代開始一直到其逝世的近20年中，他提出了最為詳細(xì)的治理方案并部分付諸實(shí)踐，在長期的治河實(shí)踐過程中形成了其獨(dú)特的綜合治理黃河理論。 李儀祉綜合治理黃河理論的形成與他生活的社會(huì)環(huán)境有著密切關(guān)系，他在繼承和發(fā)展我國古代先人治河經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，汲取和借鑒西方先進(jìn)的水利技術(shù)，并且將二者有機(jī)結(jié)合。其主要內(nèi)容包括在治理黃河時(shí)始終堅(jiān)持著勘測(cè)、試驗(yàn)先行的原則，用模型試驗(yàn)的方式?jīng)Q定對(duì)治河方案的取舍，主張統(tǒng)一治河機(jī)關(guān)以實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合治水。在具體的治河過程中，，他強(qiáng)調(diào)要采取上中下游兼顧、固定河床鞏固堤防、增加植被根除泥沙、興建水庫蓄洪防漲，以及不消極堵口，因勢(shì)疏導(dǎo)等綜合治理措施，從而走上了綜合治理黃河的新道路，這些措施成為我國治理黃河由傳統(tǒng)步入現(xiàn)代的一大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。另外，李儀祉還邁開了綜合開發(fā)利用黃河的第一步，他重視水電開發(fā)在促進(jìn)工業(yè)建設(shè)方面的作用，主張?jiān)邳S河上興建水庫，利用水庫蓄水發(fā)電；倡修灌渠促進(jìn)農(nóng)田灌溉，在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了涇惠渠、渭惠渠、洛惠渠的修建；建議整理黃河航運(yùn)，便利黃河流域交通，從而開啟了開發(fā)利用黃河的新時(shí)代。 總之，李儀祉的綜合治理黃河理論具有科學(xué)性、實(shí)踐性、創(chuàng)新性、綜合性、傳承性等特色，雖然由于受政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)等因素限制而在實(shí)踐中沒有取得較大成效，但是其對(duì)我國現(xiàn)在水利事業(yè)的發(fā)展以及環(huán)境治理事業(yè)的指導(dǎo)性意義是不容忽視的。我們要堅(jiān)持和發(fā)揚(yáng)李儀祉不懈的治水精神，借鑒中外治水經(jīng)驗(yàn)和先進(jìn)技術(shù)，促進(jìn)我國水利事業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Li Yizhi (1882-1938) is a famous water conservancy expert and educator in modern China, who is known as the father of modern Chinese water conservancy, and has made contributions to the cause of river management in China. Especially in the management of the Yellow River, from the 1920s to the death of nearly 20 years, he put forward the most detailed management plan and put it into practice. In the long-term practice of river control, its unique theory of comprehensive control of the Yellow River has been formed. The formation of Li Yizhi's theory of comprehensive management of the Yellow River is closely related to the social environment in which he lives. On the basis of inheriting and developing the experiences of ancient Chinese ancestors governing the river, he draws on and draws lessons from the advanced western water conservancy technology and organically combines the two. The main contents include the principle that the Yellow River should always be under investigation and the principle of giving priority to the experiment. The method of model test should be used to decide the choice and choice of the scheme of river control, and it is advocated to unify the organization of river control in order to realize the joint control of the river. In the course of specific river control, he stressed the need to take comprehensive measures such as taking both the upper, middle and lower reaches, fixing the riverbed to consolidate the levees, increasing vegetation to eradicate sediment, building reservoirs for flood storage and preventing inflation, and not blocking the mouth passively, as a result of potential dredging, and so on. These measures have become a turning point for China to control the Yellow River from traditional to modern. In addition, Li Yizhi took the first step of comprehensive development and utilization of the Yellow River. He attached importance to the role of hydropower development in promoting industrial construction, advocated the construction of reservoirs on the Yellow River, and used the reservoirs to store water for power generation; he advocated building irrigation canals to promote farmland irrigation. On this basis, the construction of Jinghui Canal, Weihui Canal and Luohui Canal is completed, and it is suggested that the navigation of the Yellow River should be arranged to facilitate the traffic in the Yellow River Basin, thus opening a new era of exploitation and utilization of the Yellow River. In short, Li Yizhi's theory of comprehensive management of the Yellow River is characterized by scientific, practical, innovative, comprehensive and inherited characteristics, although it has not achieved much in practice because of political, economic, social and other factors. However, its guiding significance to the development of water conservancy and environmental management is not to be ignored. We should persist in and carry forward Li Yizhi's unremitting spirit of water control, draw lessons from Chinese and foreign water control experience and advanced technology, and promote the continuous development of water conservancy in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TV882.1;K25

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