本文選題：國(guó)民黨 + 南京國(guó)民政府��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：“五九”國(guó)恥紀(jì)念日源于1915年袁世凱政府和日本關(guān)于“二十一條”的交涉。日本對(duì)中國(guó)領(lǐng)土可謂是垂涎已久,1915年借第一次世界大戰(zhàn)歐洲各國(guó)忙于廝殺無(wú)暇東顧的有利時(shí)機(jī),以支持袁世凱做皇帝為條件,拋出滅亡中國(guó)的“二十一條”,1915年5月7日向袁世凱政府發(fā)出最后通牒,逼迫袁政府接受“二十一條”,否則將采取“認(rèn)為必要之手段”,無(wú)奈之下袁世凱政府于5月9日屈辱地答應(yīng)了日本提出的苛刻條件。由此,五月九日就成為中國(guó)又一個(gè)屈辱的一日。民間組織京師總商會(huì)和教育聯(lián)合會(huì)提出將屈辱的五月九日確定為國(guó)恥紀(jì)念日的建議,號(hào)召全國(guó)人民紀(jì)念國(guó)恥,為了洗雪國(guó)恥積極努力。 日本侵略的加劇和國(guó)內(nèi)反日情緒的高漲等因素,促成國(guó)民黨政府努力進(jìn)行國(guó)恥紀(jì)念,反抗日本帝國(guó)主義的侵略。南京國(guó)民政府成立后,國(guó)民黨政府遵循孫中山的遺囑,結(jié)合國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)的變化,通過(guò)歷次中央常務(wù)委員會(huì)的召開(kāi)將五月九日確定為“國(guó)定紀(jì)念日”,逐漸地建立起“五月九日國(guó)恥紀(jì)念日”的紀(jì)念制度,號(hào)召全國(guó)民眾積極地進(jìn)行“五九”國(guó)恥紀(jì)念日的紀(jì)念活動(dòng),探討雪恥救國(guó)的方針和策略。國(guó)民黨政府積極地組織各級(jí)黨部和各界人士進(jìn)行國(guó)恥紀(jì)念日的紀(jì)念,并且將“五九”國(guó)恥紀(jì)念日與重大歷史事件結(jié)合起來(lái),反映出這一時(shí)期國(guó)恥紀(jì)念主題的變化。 國(guó)民黨政府對(duì)“五九”國(guó)恥紀(jì)念日的紀(jì)念反映出國(guó)民黨政府打倒國(guó)內(nèi)軍閥,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一以及反抗日本帝國(guó)主義的侵略,打倒帝國(guó)主義的民族主義理念。在紀(jì)念國(guó)恥紀(jì)念日中,國(guó)民黨政府有意地強(qiáng)化民眾的國(guó)家認(rèn)同,呼吁民眾擁護(hù)中國(guó)國(guó)民黨,擁護(hù)南京國(guó)民政府,指出只有在國(guó)民黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下才能打倒軍閥,打倒帝國(guó)主義,廢除不平等條約,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家的自由平等。另外,在紀(jì)念中國(guó)民黨政府一直標(biāo)榜著孫中山的三民主義,主張實(shí)現(xiàn)三民主義的建國(guó)思想。 “五九”國(guó)恥紀(jì)念日的紀(jì)念是由國(guó)民黨政府主導(dǎo),社會(huì)各界民眾廣泛參與的紀(jì)念活動(dòng),同時(shí)也成為各界人士表達(dá)政治意愿的一種方式。研究南京國(guó)民政府的“五九”國(guó)恥紀(jì)念日,有助于回顧屈辱的歷史,反思?xì)v史的教訓(xùn),激發(fā)國(guó)人的愛(ài)國(guó)情愫,肩負(fù)起新的歷史責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:The anniversary of the National disgrace Day originated in 1915 when Yuan Shikai's government negotiated with Japan on Article 21.Japan has coveted Chinese territory for a long time. In 1915, when the European countries of the first World War were busy fighting each other, they were conditioned to support Yuan Shikai as emperor.Throwing out the "21 articles" that destroyed China, and issuing an ultimatum to Yuan Shikai's government on May 7, 1915, forcing the Yuan government to accept the "21 articles," otherwise it would take "whatever means it deems necessary".However, Yuan Shikai's government in May 9 humiliated promised Japan's harsh conditions.As a result, May 9 became another humiliating day in China.The nongovernmental organization Beijing Teachers General Chamber of Commerce and the Federation of Education put forward the proposal to designate the humiliating May 9 as the anniversary of national shame, and called on the people of the whole country to commemorate the national shame and make active efforts to clean it up.The aggravation of Japanese aggression and the upsurge of domestic anti-Japanese sentiment prompted the Kuomintang government to make efforts to commemorate the national humiliation and resist the aggression of Japanese imperialism.After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, the KMT government followed Sun Zhongshan's will, combined with the changes in the international and domestic situation, to designate May 9 as the "National Day of Remembrance" through the convening of successive standing committees of the Central Committee.Gradually establish the memorial system of "May 9 National disgrace Day", call on the people of the whole country to actively carry out the commemoration of "May 9" National Shame Day, and discuss the policy and strategy of saving the nation by shaming.The Kuomintang government actively organizes the Party departments at all levels and people from all walks of life to commemorate the anniversary of national shame, and combines the "May 9" anniversary of national shame with major historical events, reflecting the changes in the theme of commemorating national shame during this period.The commemoration of the anniversary of the "May 9th" National disgrace Day by the Kuomintang government reflects the Kuomintang government's idea of overthrowing the warlords, realizing national reunification, resisting the aggression of Japanese imperialism, and overthrowing the nationalist ideas of imperialism.In commemorating the anniversary of national humiliation, the Kuomintang government deliberately strengthened the national identity of the people, appealed to the people to support the Chinese Kuomintang and the Nanjing National Government, and pointed out that only under the leadership of the Kuomintang can the warlords and imperialism be overthrown.Abolish unequal treaties and realize the freedom and equality of nations.In addition, in the commemoration of the Kuomintang government has been touting Sun Zhongshan's three people's principles, advocated the realization of the founding of the three people's principles.The commemoration of "May 9th" National Shame Day is a commemoration led by the Kuomintang government and widely participated by the people from all walks of life, and it has also become a way for people from all walks of life to express their political will.It is helpful to review the humiliating history, to reflect on the lessons of history, to arouse the patriotic feelings of the people, and to shoulder the new historical responsibility by studying the anniversary of the "May 9th" national shame of the Nanjing National Government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K263

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 熊斌;;國(guó)恥記憶與民族自信:民國(guó)時(shí)期國(guó)恥紀(jì)念述論[J];甘肅社會(huì)科學(xué);2013年01期

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