發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-15 03:10

  本文選題：近代 + 蘇州�。� 參考：《蘇州科技學(xué)院》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：自1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來(lái),鴉片毒品大量流入中國(guó)。地處江南沿海、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)、文化繁榮、交通便利的“天堂”蘇州也較早地陷于黑色毒霧之中。近代以來(lái)蘇州煙毒泛濫程度居于江蘇前列,其特點(diǎn)主要體現(xiàn)為吸食者面廣量大,毒品品種多,鴉片行銷量大。而導(dǎo)致蘇州毒品泛濫的最主要原因則是英日等國(guó)對(duì)華毒化政策和鴉片貿(mào)易,這在英國(guó)對(duì)華貿(mào)易“蘇州體系”的形成,蘇州設(shè)關(guān)以及1937年日軍占領(lǐng)蘇州后煙毒數(shù)量呈爆發(fā)性增長(zhǎng)等方面得到了充分的展現(xiàn)。此外,發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件及臨近上海的有利區(qū)位因素也為蘇州煙毒的輸入提供了便利。地方軍閥及社會(huì)黑惡勢(shì)力也對(duì)蘇州煙毒泛濫起著推波助瀾之效。 近代蘇州煙毒的泛濫不僅嚴(yán)重危害人民身心健康,影響民眾生活水平,敗壞社會(huì)風(fēng)氣、影響社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,同時(shí)大量資金流向煙毒貿(mào)易及消費(fèi)也嚴(yán)重影響了蘇州民族工商業(yè)的發(fā)展。 近代以來(lái),蘇州煙毒問(wèn)題的治理特點(diǎn)及成效與中央政權(quán)的強(qiáng)弱有著直接的關(guān)系。據(jù)此,我們可以將近代以來(lái)蘇州煙毒治理分為兩個(gè)時(shí)期。自道光年間至民國(guó)初期,由于中央政府權(quán)力衰弱,地方官員(如林則徐、李秀成、譚繼洵、譚序初、陳咥龍、程德全等)及民間禁煙組織(如中國(guó)蘇州禁煙會(huì)和蘇州商會(huì)等)在蘇州禁煙中起著主導(dǎo)作用。南京國(guó)民政府統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,隨著中央政權(quán)力量的加強(qiáng),政府在蘇州地方禁煙中起主導(dǎo)作用。這在這一時(shí)期蘇州地方禁煙機(jī)構(gòu)較為完備,禁煙法規(guī)較為健全,政府注重禁煙的輿論宣傳,科學(xué)禁煙,完善善后措施,同時(shí)注重發(fā)揮民間禁煙力量等方面得到了充分體現(xiàn)。 近代以來(lái),盡管蘇州煙毒治理取得了一定成效,但近百年間蘇州煙毒卻是屢禁不止,其原因也是多方面的。其中,英日等國(guó)對(duì)華毒品貿(mào)易及其對(duì)中國(guó)禁政的阻撓和破壞不僅是蘇州煙毒泛濫,同時(shí)也是蘇州煙毒屢禁不絕的主要原因。而舊中國(guó)歷屆政府出于經(jīng)濟(jì)利益考慮始終無(wú)禁絕煙毒之決心,政府官員和執(zhí)法者隊(duì)伍的腐敗以及蘇州大量貧困人口的存在等也是近代蘇州煙毒問(wèn)題屢禁不絕的重要原因。 透過(guò)對(duì)近代以來(lái)蘇州煙毒問(wèn)題及其治理的反思,我們不難看出,煙毒問(wèn)題的治理其實(shí)也是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)性社會(huì)工程。國(guó)家和民族的獨(dú)立與否以及政權(quán)性質(zhì)(是否代表廣大人民利益)是能否徹底解決煙毒問(wèn)題的重要前提。新中國(guó)成立初期,蘇州煙毒的禁絕充分說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。而充分開展全民禁毒運(yùn)動(dòng),加強(qiáng)禁毒立法及禁毒的國(guó)際間合作對(duì)于禁絕煙毒也起著重要的作用。本課題將近代蘇州百余年間煙毒問(wèn)題及治理作一系統(tǒng)、全面地考察,并總結(jié)其經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),對(duì)于我國(guó)當(dāng)前的禁毒工作自有一定借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Since the Opium War of 1840, opium drugs have poured into China.Located on the south coast of the Yangtze River, Suzhou, with developed economy, prosperous culture and convenient transportation, was caught in the black mist earlier.In modern times, the prevalence of smoking and poisoning in Suzhou is in the forefront of Jiangsu Province, which is characterized by a wide range of users, a large variety of drugs and a large volume of opium sales.The main reasons for the spread of drugs in Suzhou are the poisoning policies of Britain and Japan to China and the opium trade, which was formed in the "Suzhou system" of British trade with China.The establishment of customs in Suzhou and the explosive increase in the number of tobacco poisons after the Japanese occupation of Suzhou in 1937 were fully demonstrated.In addition, the developed economic conditions and favorable location factors near Shanghai also facilitated the import of tobacco poison in Suzhou.Local warlords and social evil forces also contributed to the spread of smoke and drugs in Suzhou.The spread of smoking poison in modern Suzhou not only seriously endangers people's physical and mental health, affects people's living standard, destroys social atmosphere and affects social stability, but also affects the development of Suzhou's national industry and commerce.Since modern times, the management characteristics and effects of smoke-poison problem in Suzhou have a direct relationship with the power of the central government.According to this, we can divide Suzhou since modern times tobacco poison management into two periods.From the period of Dao Guang to the beginning of the Republic of China, local officials (such as Lin Zexu, Li Xiucheng, Tan JiXun, Tan Xunchu, Chen Yilong),Cheng Dequan and non-smoking organizations (such as Suzhou Association of China and Suzhou Chamber of Commerce) play a leading role in smoking ban in Suzhou.During the period of Nanjing National Government, with the strengthening of the central power, the government played a leading role in the local smoking ban in Suzhou.This has been fully reflected in the local smoke-free institutions in Suzhou during this period, the smoke-free laws and regulations are relatively sound, the government pays attention to the publicity of anti-smoking, the scientific prohibition of smoking, the improvement of aftercare measures, and the attention paid to the exertion of folk anti-smoking forces, and so on.In modern times, although the control of tobacco poisoning in Suzhou has made some achievements, it has been banned repeatedly in recent 100 years, and the reasons are also various.Among them, the obstruction and destruction of drug trade to China by Britain, Japan and other countries is not only the proliferation of smoke-poisoning in Suzhou, but also the main reason for the repeated prohibition of smoke-poisoning in Suzhou.For the sake of economic benefits, the previous governments of old China were determined not to stop smoking, the corruption of government officials and law enforcers and the existence of a large number of poor people in Suzhou were also the important reasons for the repeated prohibition of tobacco poisoning in modern Suzhou.Through the reflection on the tobacco poisoning problem and its management in Suzhou since modern times, it is not difficult to see that the management of tobacco poison problem is also a systematic social project.The independence of the state and the nation and the nature of the regime (whether it represents the interests of the people) is an important prerequisite for resolving the problem of tobacco poisoning.In the early days of the founding of New China, the prohibition of smoke-poisoning in Suzhou fully illustrated this point.It also plays an important role in banning smoking and drugs by carrying out the nationwide anti-drug campaign, strengthening the anti-drug legislation and international cooperation in drug control.In this paper, the problem and management of tobacco poisoning in modern Suzhou for more than a hundred years are systematically investigated, and its experience and lessons are summarized, which has certain reference significance for the current anti-drug work in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K25

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