本文選題：河口 + 地方法院��； 參考：《江西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以鉛山縣檔案館所藏民國(guó)河口地方法院檔案為主體史料，考察了南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期河口地方法院的歷史演變、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、人員構(gòu)成及運(yùn)作情況等，在此基礎(chǔ)上探討了民國(guó)司法改革的得失。 河口地方法院建立于民國(guó)二十四年（1935），到民國(guó)三十八年（1949）河口鎮(zhèn)解放而告終，歷時(shí)整整十四年。在此期間，河口地方法院一直處于南京國(guó)民政府的控制之下，未受到國(guó)共內(nèi)戰(zhàn)及抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之波及，，是一個(gè)很具代表性的地方法院。河口地方法院組織結(jié)構(gòu)完備，人員配置齊全，作為龐大的司法體系中的一個(gè)部分一直有條不紊的運(yùn)作著。可以說，河口地方法院是南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期基層法院的一個(gè)典型代表。 通過對(duì)河口地方法院進(jìn)行分析我們可以看到，法院的各級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)確實(shí)是嚴(yán)格按照《法院組織法》等法律的規(guī)定而設(shè)立的，在法院中任職的司法官們也都是經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格選拔才獲得資格的。在河口地方法院建立之初，也確實(shí)是按照制度的規(guī)定進(jìn)行運(yùn)作的。然而由于政治環(huán)境的不穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的惡化、監(jiān)督制度上的疏漏、司法官道德的滑坡等各種原因，河口地方法院逐漸出現(xiàn)了各種問題，如司法管轄權(quán)受到干擾、司法官員的物質(zhì)待遇難以保證、人員任免出現(xiàn)腐敗現(xiàn)象、案件審理不嚴(yán)格依照程序、用罰金代替刑罰等。 以河口地方法院為代表的各級(jí)新式地方法院是南京國(guó)民政府效仿西方司法制度進(jìn)行變革的一次重要嘗試，這次嘗試雖然有很多不盡如人意的地方，但也為后世提供了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:Taking the archives of the estuary court of the Republic of China as the main historical data, this paper investigates the historical evolution, organizational structure, personnel composition and operation of the local court of the estuary in the period of the Nanjing National Government.On this basis, the author discusses the gains and losses of judicial reform in the Republic of China.The Estuary District Court was established in 1935 and ended in 1939.During this period, the Estuary District Court was always under the control of the Nanjing National Government and was not affected by the KMT Civil War and the Anti-Japanese War, so it was a representative local court.The Estuary District Court is well organized and staffed and has been operating methodically as part of the vast judicial system.It can be said that the Estuary District Court is a typical representative of the basic courts in the period of Nanjing National Government.Through the analysis of the Estuary District Court, we can see that the organs of the court at all levels have indeed been established in strict accordance with the provisions of laws such as the Law on the Organization of the Court.Judges serving in the courts are also strictly selected to qualify.At the beginning of the establishment of the Estuary District Court, it did operate in accordance with the provisions of the system.However, due to the instability of the political environment, the deterioration of the economic situation, the omissions in the supervision system, the decline in the morality of magistrates, and so on, the Estuary District Court gradually appeared various problems, such as the interference of the jurisdiction.The material treatment of judicial officials is difficult to guarantee, the appointment and dismissal of personnel appear corruption, the cases are not strictly in accordance with the procedure, and the penalty is replaced by a fine.The new local courts at various levels, represented by the Estuary District Court, are an important attempt by the Nanjing National Government to reform the judicial system of the West, although there are many unsatisfactory places in this attempt.But it also provides valuable experience for later generations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D693.2;K262.9

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