本文選題：南京國民政府　切入點：反省院　出處：《曲阜師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：反省院是國民黨在執(zhí)掌全國政權后,“司法黨化”的特殊產(chǎn)物。其設立的目的是有效鎮(zhèn)壓、分化共產(chǎn)黨人及其他反對派人士,使其放棄原有信仰,信奉三民主義,進而加強對全國的思想控制。反省院作為南京國民政府時期一種特殊的監(jiān)獄制度,其機構設置、管理規(guī)則等方面既與普通監(jiān)獄有一致之處,又有自身獨特之處。雖然僅僅存在十余年的時間,但其影響卻十分深遠。從反省院的形成發(fā)展的總體過程來看,面對“清黨”運動帶來的種種弊端,以及社會各界的反對之聲,執(zhí)掌全國政權的南京國民政府一改過去的大屠殺政策,施行“教育反省”的辦法,將“反革命者”關進反省院中進行“反省改造”。此外,隨著北伐的勝利,南京國民政府實現(xiàn)了國家表面上的統(tǒng)一,成為代表中國的合法中央政府,并在“以黨治國”思想的指導下,推行“司法黨化”運動,反省院便是這一運動的產(chǎn)物。從反省院的創(chuàng)設情況來看,在《反省院條例》未公布之前,國內(nèi)部分省市已經(jīng)建立了一批反省院。其中屬浙江、安徽反省院設立最早。1929年底,國民政府頒布《反省院條例》,對反省院的監(jiān)禁對象、組織機構設置、工作人員的職能等內(nèi)容作出了詳細的規(guī)定。南京國民政府在全國范圍內(nèi)共設立了14所反省院,原有的自新院、反省院根據(jù)條例進行改組。從反省院的運行機制來看,反省院基本沿用了普通監(jiān)獄的管理方法。但反省院內(nèi)的生活待遇要較好于普通監(jiān)獄,犯人也相對自由一些。反省院與普通監(jiān)獄的區(qū)別,主要在于注重對犯人進行思想改造。反省院以“反省改造”反省人的思想為宗旨,對反省人采取一系列的“訓育手段”,以期實現(xiàn)對反省人理論上的指導,思想上的糾正,人格上的修養(yǎng)以及學識上的灌輸�？谷諔�(zhàn)爭全面爆發(fā)后,國共再次合作,在共產(chǎn)黨和全體國民的共同努力下,國民政府被迫釋放各地監(jiān)獄和反省院中的“政治犯”。1938年底,南京國民政府下令廢止《反省院條例》,反省院退出歷史的舞臺。
[Abstract]:Soul-searching court is a special product of judicial partisanship after the Kuomintang took power throughout the country.Its purpose is to effectively suppress, divide the Communists and other opposition people, make them give up their original faith, believe in the three people's principles, and then strengthen the ideological control over the whole country.As a special prison system in the period of Nanjing National Government, the Institute of introspection has its own characteristics as well as consistency with ordinary prisons.Although only existed for more than ten years, its influence is very profound.Judging from the overall process of the formation and development of the House of Representatives, in the face of the drawbacks brought about by the "Qing Party" movement and the voices of opposition from all walks of life, the Nanjing National Government, which took charge of the national political power, changed its past Holocaust policy.Carrying out the method of "educational introspection" and putting the "counter-revolutionaries" in the introspection hospital to carry out "introspection and reform."In addition, with the victory of the Northern Expedition, the Nanjing National Government realized the apparent unification of the country, became the legitimate central government representing China, and, under the guidance of the idea of "ruling the country by the Party," carried out the movement of "judicial partisanship".The institute of introspection is the product of this movement.Judging from the establishment of the introspection Institute, before the promulgation of the regulations, some provinces and cities in China have set up a number of introspection Institutes.Among them, Zhejiang and Anhui introspection Institute was established as the earliest. At the end of 1929, the National Government promulgated the regulations of the introspection Court, which made detailed regulations on the contents of the imprisonment object, organization and organization, the functions of the staff and so on.The Nanjing National Government has set up 14 introspection colleges throughout the country.Judging from the operation mechanism of the introspection institute, the introspection institute has basically followed the management method of the ordinary prison.But introspection treatment in the prison is better than the ordinary prison, prisoners are relatively free.The difference between the introspection court and the ordinary prison mainly lies in paying attention to the ideological reform of the prisoners.The institute of introspection takes the thought of "introspection reform" as its aim, and adopts a series of "discipline means" to the introspector in order to realize the theoretical guidance, the correction of thought, the accomplishment of personality and the instillation of knowledge.After the full-scale outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated again, and with the joint efforts of the Communist Party and all the people, the National Government was forced to release prisons and reflect on the "political prisoners" in the academies at the end of 1938.The Nanjing National Government ordered the abolition of the regulations of the Court of introspection, which withdrew from the stage of history.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K262.9

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