本文選題：唐山地震　切入點：救災機制　出處：《山東大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：從邢臺地震(1966年)到唐山地震(1976年),這一時期為中國大陸20世紀第4個地震活躍期的10年左右“高潮活動時段”。這一時期在人口稠密的東部地區(qū)以及中西部地區(qū)相繼發(fā)生了多次造成人員傷亡和明顯經(jīng)濟損失、社會影響的中強地震乃至強地震。 唐山地震是中國地震史上最慘烈的城市大震災,唐山這樣一座有著百萬人口的工業(yè)城市幾乎完全被化為廢墟,城市基本失去了自我應急能力,只有全面依靠外界的援助才能走出困境。 地震發(fā)生后,黨中央、國務院高度重視,立即建立起從中央到地方,至上而下,各部門通力協(xié)作的組織系統(tǒng)指揮抗震救災；中國人民解放軍在搶救被埋壓人員、轉(zhuǎn)運救災物資、解決地震初期受災群眾的生活急需、扒挖、掩埋遇難者尸體、開展防疫防病工作等方面發(fā)揮了巨大的作用；在拒絕國外援助、全國人民大力支援的條件下妥善地解決了震后災區(qū)群眾的衣食住行等緊急問題；在積極防疫滅病創(chuàng)造了災后無大疫的奇跡；通訊、電力、交通等部門,在地震后積極搶修生命線系統(tǒng),為災區(qū)恢復做出了重要的貢獻。 唐山地震處于“文革”末期,加上嚴重的災情和震前準備不足,救災過程極其復雜和艱難,但是終究取得了抗震救災的勝利。地震救援中取得的經(jīng)驗對今天的地震救援依然有借鑒意義：強有力的救災指揮系統(tǒng)以及全國人民、中國人民解,放軍的支援是災后救援的重要保障。但是唐山地震救援是在計劃經(jīng)濟時代完成的救災工作,在市場經(jīng)濟條件下,21世紀的今天,再遭遇類似的城市大震災,.應總結(jié)唐山地震救援的不足,使地震災害造成的損失降到最低程度,建立完善城市地震應急指揮系統(tǒng),重視地震預測的作用,建筑防震依然是減少地震傷亡的重要條件,繼續(xù)加強地震知識的普及。
[Abstract]:From the Xingtai earthquake (1966) to the Tangshan earthquake (1976), this period is about 10 years "high activity period" of the fourth seismicity period in the 20th century in mainland China. This period is in the densely populated eastern region and the central and western regions. There have been many casualties and obvious economic losses. Social impact of moderate earthquakes and even strong earthquakes. The Tangshan earthquake was the deadliest city in the history of the Chinese earthquake. Tangshan, an industrial city with a population of one million, was almost completely reduced to ruins, and the city basically lost its ability to respond to emergencies. Only by relying on outside help can we get out of this predicament. After the earthquake, the Party Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to it and immediately set up a system of organizations from the central to the local level, from the top to the bottom, with all departments working together to direct earthquake relief and relief; the Chinese people's Liberation Army was rescuing those buried under pressure. The transfer of disaster relief materials, the solution to the urgent needs of the people affected by the earthquake at the beginning of the earthquake, the removal of the bodies of the victims, the burial of the bodies of the victims, and the work of epidemic prevention and prevention have played a great role in the rejection of foreign assistance. Under the conditions of strong support from the people throughout the country, emergency problems such as the clothing, food, housing and transportation of the people in the disaster areas after the earthquake have been properly solved; in the active prevention of the disease, it has created a miracle of no major epidemic after the disaster; and the departments of communications, electricity, transportation, and so on, The lifeline system was repaired actively after the earthquake, which made an important contribution to the recovery of the disaster area. The Tangshan earthquake was at the end of the "Cultural Revolution", coupled with the severe disaster situation and inadequate preparation before the earthquake, and the disaster relief process was extremely complex and difficult. But after all, we have achieved victory in earthquake relief and relief. The experience gained in earthquake relief is still useful for today's earthquake rescue: a strong disaster relief command system, as well as the people of the whole country and the Chinese people, The support provided by the armed forces is an important guarantee for post-disaster relief. But the Tangshan earthquake relief work was completed in the era of planned economy. Under the conditions of the market economy, today in the 21st century, It is necessary to sum up the deficiency of earthquake rescue in Tangshan, to minimize the loss caused by earthquake disaster, to establish and perfect the urban earthquake emergency command system and to attach importance to the role of earthquake prediction. Building earthquake prevention is still an important condition to reduce earthquake casualties, and continue to strengthen the popularization of earthquake knowledge.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K27

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