本文選題：公糧　切入點(diǎn)：背景　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后,八路軍迅速東渡黃河,幫助國(guó)民黨軍隊(duì)抵抗日軍進(jìn)入山西。1937年9月11日,日軍占領(lǐng)太原后,山西的抗戰(zhàn)局面轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐园寺奋姙橹鞯挠螕魬?zhàn)。游擊戰(zhàn)的根本是建立根據(jù)地,而根據(jù)地能夠長(zhǎng)期存在和穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的根本是經(jīng)濟(jì)的供給能力。根據(jù)地建立之初,財(cái)政問(wèn)題主要靠捐獻(xiàn)來(lái)解決,隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)的變化和抗戰(zhàn)政權(quán)的成熟,逐步建立和發(fā)展了公糧制度,為根據(jù)地的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展提供了保障,為抗戰(zhàn)部隊(duì)的供給作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。本文旨在通過(guò)分析晉西北根據(jù)地1937—1945年的公糧條例演變的背景、展現(xiàn)每次頒布的新條例,研究其實(shí)施的效果,即公糧征收的質(zhì)和量,總結(jié)每階段征糧的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn),從而分析中共如何對(duì)農(nóng)村資源進(jìn)行有效控制,窺測(cè)國(guó)家權(quán)力如何延伸至鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)。 全文共分五部分,并按照時(shí)間順序來(lái)安排文章結(jié)構(gòu),具體內(nèi)容見下： 引言部分,闡述了抗戰(zhàn)期間公糧政策演變研究的目的和意義,介紹了公糧工作的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)態(tài)以及本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究方法。 第一章介紹了1937—1939年晉西北根據(jù)地的公糧實(shí)行背景,施行的效果,研究了其在實(shí)施過(guò)程中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)。這一階段的公糧征收辦法,雖然沒有形成成文制度,但是為抗日民主政權(quán)制定實(shí)施新的公糧政策提供了參考,具有試驗(yàn)意義。 第二章主要介紹了真正意義上的公糧條例的產(chǎn)生和初步發(fā)展的過(guò)程,即1940—1942年的公糧條例。這一時(shí)期既是公糧條例頒布的起步階段,又是根據(jù)地的困難時(shí)期,公糧的征收工作在艱難中進(jìn)步,盡管仍存在不小的問(wèn)題,但是相比之前的財(cái)政主要依靠捐贈(zèng)相比,已取得了大的成績(jī)。本章遵從第一章的行文結(jié)構(gòu),介紹了這一時(shí)期公糧條例頒布的背景,考察了公糧的實(shí)施效果,研究了其存在的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。 第三章考察剖析了1943—1945年的公糧條例及其實(shí)踐效果。這一時(shí)期是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形式迅速變化的時(shí)期,抗戰(zhàn)由持久戰(zhàn)向反攻,根據(jù)地形勢(shì)變化很大,急需大量擴(kuò)軍進(jìn)入反攻,而軍隊(duì)的擴(kuò)建需要以經(jīng)濟(jì)為保障,這就更加凸顯了公糧工作的重要性。本章將公糧工作與抗戰(zhàn)形式相結(jié)合,考察研究了1943—1945年公糧工作的得失。 結(jié)論部分,總結(jié)了本文的研究結(jié)果,得出晉西北的公糧負(fù)擔(dān)和其他根據(jù)地相比是比較重的,晉西北的地主富農(nóng)負(fù)擔(dān)比例很大。盡管如此,公糧條例削弱封建經(jīng)濟(jì)的目標(biāo)基本上沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。8年間公糧工作盡管取得了很大進(jìn)步,但仍然沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)合理負(fù)擔(dān),仍然沒有完全糾正左的思想。 文章采用歷史學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的史料分析法,適當(dāng)借鑒經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的統(tǒng)計(jì)、圖表、計(jì)量等研究方法,力求更加直觀地展現(xiàn)公糧條例演變的效果,更加客觀地分析公糧條例演變的得失。
[Abstract]:After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the eighth Route Army quickly crossed the Yellow River to the east to help the Kuomintang troops resist the Japanese troops entering Shanxi. On September 11, 1937, after the Japanese army occupied Taiyuan, The situation of the Anti-Japanese War in Shanxi has changed into guerrilla warfare dominated by the eighth Route Army. The foundation of guerrilla warfare is the establishment of base areas, and the basis for their long-term existence and stable development is the supply capacity of the economy. With the changes in the war situation and the maturity of the anti-Japanese regime, the public grain system was gradually established and developed, providing a guarantee for the stable development of the base areas. This paper aims at analyzing the background of the evolution of the public grain regulations in the northwest Shanxi base area from 1937-1945, showing the new regulations promulgated each time, and studying the effect of their implementation, that is, the quality and quantity of the public grain collection. This paper summarizes the experiences and lessons of grain collection in each stage, and then analyzes how the Communist Party of China can effectively control rural resources and see how state power extends to rural society. The paper is divided into five parts, and the structure of the article is arranged in chronological order. In the preface, the purpose and significance of the study on the evolution of public grain policy during the War of Resistance against Japan are expounded, and the domestic and foreign research trends of the public grain work are introduced as well as the research contents and research methods of this paper. The first chapter introduces the background and effect of public grain implementation in northwest Shanxi base area from 1937 to 1939, and studies its experiences and lessons in the process of implementation. But for anti-Japanese democratic regime to formulate and implement a new public grain policy, with experimental significance. The second chapter mainly introduces the process of the emergence and initial development of the public grain regulations in the real sense, that is, the public grain regulations of 1940-1942. This period is not only the initial stage of the promulgation of the public grain regulations, but also the difficult period in the base areas. The collection of public grain has progressed in a difficult way. Although there are still many problems, great achievements have been achieved compared with the previous financial contributions. This chapter follows the structure of Chapter I. This paper introduces the background of the promulgation of public grain regulations in this period, investigates the effect of public grain implementation, and studies the experience and lessons of its existence. The third chapter examines and analyzes the regulations on public grain from 1943-1945 and their practical effects. This period was a period of rapid changes in the form of war. The War of Resistance against Japan changed from a protracted war to a counter-offensive. The situation in the base areas changed greatly and a large number of troops urgently needed to expand into the counter-offensive. The expansion of the army needs to be supported by the economy, which highlights the importance of the public grain work. This chapter combines the public grain work with the form of the War of Resistance against Japan, and investigates the gains and losses of the public grain work from 1943-1945. The conclusion is that the burden of public grain in northwest Shanxi is heavier than that in other base areas, and the burden of landlords and rich peasants in northwest Shanxi is very large. The goal of weakening the feudal economy by public grain regulations basically failed to achieve the goal of making great progress in public grain work during the period of .8 years, but it still failed to realize a reasonable burden and still did not completely correct the left thinking. This paper adopts the traditional historical data analysis method of history to draw lessons from the research methods of economics such as statistics, charts and econometrics, in order to show the effect of the evolution of public grain regulations more intuitively, and to analyze objectively the gains and losses of the evolution of public grain regulations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K265

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：1656132