本文選題：近代　切入點(diǎn)：煙臺對外貿(mào)易　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭以后,隨著西方列強(qiáng)的入侵,中國的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)遭到破壞,自給自足的自然經(jīng)濟(jì)解體,并逐漸成為了世界資本主義的商品市場和原料供應(yīng)地,中國也開始淪為半殖民地半封建社會(huì)。而沿海一些港口的被迫開放,也對中國社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭以后,清政府被迫于1861年對外開放煙臺港,并同時(shí)設(shè)立了東海關(guān),煙臺正式對外開埠通商。而煙臺的開埠對煙臺以及整個(gè)山東北部社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。本文就以1861——1937年煙臺的對外貿(mào)易為考察對象,借助近代煙臺的海關(guān)貿(mào)易報(bào)告、歷年華洋貿(mào)易情形倫略和東海關(guān)十年貿(mào)易報(bào)告等檔案資料,從煙臺開埠初期的對外貿(mào)易、煙臺對外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展變化以及煙臺對外貿(mào)易的商品結(jié)構(gòu)等方面論述了近代煙臺對外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展歷程。論文共分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分：開埠初期的煙臺對外貿(mào)易 本部分以開埠初期的煙臺對外貿(mào)易為主要的研究對象,首先分析了煙臺發(fā)展對外貿(mào)易的條件以及煙臺的開埠和東海關(guān)的設(shè)立,并在此基礎(chǔ)上論述了開埠初期的煙臺對外貿(mào)易。通過這些分析我們可知,開埠初期的煙臺對外貿(mào)易,特別是洋貨進(jìn)口貿(mào)易發(fā)展十分的迅速。 第二部分：煙臺對外貿(mào)易的總量變化及其分析 該部分把煙臺開埠后至抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)的對外貿(mào)易分為興起、緩慢發(fā)展、繁榮、波動(dòng)和衰退五個(gè)時(shí)期進(jìn)行分析,并重點(diǎn)論述了煙臺對外貿(mào)易各個(gè)時(shí)期的興衰原因和主要特征。通過對煙臺對外貿(mào)易總量的分析,可以得知煙臺對外貿(mào)易在中間雖然有所波動(dòng),但在總體上是呈上升趨勢的,并且煙臺的對外貿(mào)易受港口的建設(shè)、與腹地交通的狀況、自然災(zāi)害和戰(zhàn)爭等方面比較大,而且在后期,很大程度上還受到山東其他港口的影響。 第三部分：煙臺對外貿(mào)易的商品結(jié)構(gòu)分析 本部分首先對煙臺進(jìn)出口商品情形以及占全國的比值方面進(jìn)行了分析,接著具體的對煙臺進(jìn)口洋貨和出口土貨的商品種類進(jìn)行了分析,并得出無論是進(jìn)口洋貨還是出口土貨,在種類和數(shù)量上都有著較大的差異。除此之外,還對煙臺的對外貿(mào)易與城市的變遷進(jìn)行了簡要的論述,并且隨著煙臺對外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,煙臺的城市建設(shè)和人口規(guī)模發(fā)生了很大的變化。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War of 1840, with the invasion of Western powers, China's territorial sovereignty was destroyed, the self-sufficient natural economy disintegrated, and gradually became the commodity market and raw material supply place of the world capitalism. China also began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The forced opening of ports along the coast also had a profound impact on Chinese society. After the second Opium War, the Qing government was forced to open Yantai Port to the outside world in 1861. At the same time, the East Customs was set up, Yantai officially opened its ports for foreign trade, and the opening of Yantai had a profound impact on the development of Yantai and the social economy of the whole north of Shandong. This article takes Yantai's foreign trade from 1861 to 1937 as the object of investigation. With the help of the modern Yantai customs trade report, the Chinese foreign trade situation in the past years, and the ten years' trade report of the East Customs, the foreign trade in the early days of the port of Yantai was taken into account. The development and change of Yantai foreign trade and the commodity structure of Yantai foreign trade are discussed in this paper. Part one: Yantai Foreign Trade in the early stage of Port opening. This part takes Yantai foreign trade in the initial stage of port as the main research object. Firstly, it analyzes the conditions for Yantai to develop foreign trade and the establishment of Yantai port and east customs. On the basis of this, it discusses Yantai foreign trade in the initial stage of port opening. Through these analyses, we can see that Yantai foreign trade, especially foreign goods import trade, developed very rapidly in the early stage of port opening. Part two: the change and Analysis of Yantai's Foreign Trade. In this part, the foreign trade from the opening of Yantai port to the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan is divided into five periods: rising, slow development, prosperity, fluctuation and recession. Through the analysis of the total amount of foreign trade in Yantai, we can know that the foreign trade of Yantai is fluctuating in the middle, but on the whole it is on the rise. Moreover, the foreign trade of Yantai is greatly affected by the construction of ports, the traffic conditions of hinterland, natural disasters and wars, and in the later period, it is also influenced by other ports in Shandong to a great extent. The third part: the commodity structure analysis of Yantai foreign trade. This part firstly analyzes the situation of Yantai's import and export commodities and the ratio to the whole country, and then analyzes the types of Yantai's imported foreign goods and export local goods, and draws the conclusion that both imported foreign goods and export local goods are not only imported but also exported. In addition, the foreign trade of Yantai and the changes of the city are discussed briefly, and with the development of foreign trade in Yantai, The city construction and population scale of Yantai have changed greatly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K25;F752.9

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