發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-22 11:51

  本文選題：近代天津　切入點(diǎn)：民間借貸　出處：《南開大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以學(xué)界較少關(guān)注的近代天津城市民間借貸為研究對(duì)象，利用天津地方檔案以及報(bào)紙、文獻(xiàn)資料等第一手資料，對(duì)近代天津民間借貸進(jìn)行了較為具體的研究。在研究中利用了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)中有關(guān)信任、博弈、交易成本等理論工具，力圖對(duì)近代天津民間借貸在近代的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)以及其與近代天津的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)變遷的互動(dòng)關(guān)系進(jìn)行描述。通過(guò)研究表明，近代天津民間借貸的借貸者和借貸資金廣泛地分布于天津各個(gè)階級(jí)和階層，民間借貸對(duì)民生和工商業(yè)的發(fā)展都具有重要意義。處于社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期的近代天津，民間借貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加大，，社會(huì)信任度不高，欠債、避債以及因?yàn)槊耖g債務(wù)導(dǎo)致的暴力和欺詐現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。近代天津高利貸現(xiàn)象盛行，而且社會(huì)危害逐漸加大，除了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高和民間資金供求不平衡以及物價(jià)和市場(chǎng)變化的因素外，政府行為對(duì)此也有影響。近代天津的民間借貸個(gè)人日見信用缺失，保證信用應(yīng)用廣泛，抵押信用也日益流行。傳統(tǒng)的民間消費(fèi)和商業(yè)借貸組織和機(jī)構(gòu)如合會(huì)、典當(dāng)、銀錢業(yè)依然在民間借貸中占有重要地位，但都出現(xiàn)了變遷、危機(jī)和衰落，面臨著內(nèi)部與外部的信任危機(jī)。典權(quán)作為一種傳統(tǒng)的民間融資習(xí)俗，為民國(guó)法律所認(rèn)可，也受到市場(chǎng)變化的影響。新式銀行、合作社等成為民間借貸的新機(jī)構(gòu)，民國(guó)時(shí)期的天津銀行不僅對(duì)民間工商業(yè)借貸，一些銀行也對(duì)民間消費(fèi)借貸較為關(guān)注。但是，銀行借貸手續(xù)繁瑣，許多做法與民間習(xí)俗不相適應(yīng)，銀行對(duì)民間借貸也采取謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，對(duì)民間借貸的作用有限。近代天津政府對(duì)民間借貸非常關(guān)注，除了采取禁止高利貸、限制當(dāng)息、立法規(guī)范民間借貸等干預(yù)措施外，政府也成立銀行號(hào)規(guī)范并直接介入民間借貸。在天津出現(xiàn)自然災(zāi)害和市場(chǎng)危機(jī)的情況之下，政府還以借貸形式對(duì)民間民生和商業(yè)進(jìn)行救助。但是,民間社會(huì)與政府并沒(méi)有建立互相信任關(guān)系。近代天津民間借貸依然處在較為困難的形勢(shì)之下。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the private lending in modern Tianjin, which is less concerned by academic circles, and makes use of the first-hand materials such as Tianjin local archives, newspapers, literature and so on. This paper makes a more concrete study on modern Tianjin folk lending. In the research, it uses the theoretical tools of economics and sociology, such as trust, game, transaction cost, etc. This paper tries to describe the development of folk credit in modern Tianjin and its interaction with the economic development and social change of modern Tianjin. In modern Tianjin, the borrowers and loan funds of folk loans were widely distributed among all classes and strata in Tianjin, and folk lending was of great significance to the livelihood of the people and the development of industry and commerce. The risk of private borrowing is increased, the social trust is not high, the debt is owed, the debt avoidance and the violence and fraud caused by the folk debt are serious. The phenomenon of usury in Tianjin is prevalent in modern times, and the social harm is gradually increasing. In addition to the factors of high risk, unbalanced supply and demand of private funds, and changes in prices and markets, government actions also have an impact on this. In recent times, private borrowing and lending individuals in Tianjin became more and more creditworthy, ensuring that credit was widely used. Mortgage credit is also becoming more and more popular. Traditional private consumption and commercial lending organizations and institutions such as association, pawn, and money industry still play an important role in private lending, but both have undergone changes, crises and decline. Faced with internal and external trust crisis. As a traditional folk financing custom, pawning right was recognized by the laws of the Republic of China, and also influenced by market changes. New banks, cooperatives and other new institutions for private lending and lending, During the period of the Republic of China, the Bank of Tianjin not only paid more attention to private commercial and industrial lending, but also paid more attention to private consumption lending. However, the procedures for bank lending were cumbersome, and many practices did not conform to folk customs. Banks also take a cautious attitude towards private lending and have a limited role in private lending. The government of Tianjin in modern times paid great attention to private lending. In addition to taking intervention measures such as prohibiting usury, restricting interest, and legislating to regulate private lending, The government has also set up bank codes and directly intervened in private lending. In the event of natural disasters and market crises in Tianjin, the government also provided assistance to the people's livelihood and commerce in the form of loans. However, Civil society and government did not establish mutual trust relationship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F832.9;K26

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