本文選題：烏干達(dá)　切入點(diǎn)：艾滋病　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在人類(lèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)艾滋病的30多年間,世界,尤其是非洲被深深地卷入了艾滋病災(zāi)難之中。1982年,烏干達(dá)出現(xiàn)了第一例艾滋病病例,成為較早深受艾滋病影響的非洲國(guó)家之一。1986年穆塞韋尼政府成立后,迅速對(duì)其作出反應(yīng),在烏干達(dá)發(fā)起了聲勢(shì)浩大的全民防治艾滋病的運(yùn)動(dòng)。在烏干達(dá)社會(huì)各方參與者的共同努力下,烏干達(dá)的艾滋病患病率從90年代初開(kāi)始持續(xù)下降,到21世紀(jì)一直穩(wěn)定在6%左右,不僅最先在世界上首先將艾滋病患病率上升的趨勢(shì)逆轉(zhuǎn),還使得烏干達(dá)經(jīng)歷了世界上艾滋病患病率的最大降幅,在艾滋病防治領(lǐng)域取得了明顯成效。 本文嘗試以歷史視角從烏干達(dá)政府、民眾、國(guó)內(nèi)外非政府組織等三個(gè)層面探索烏干達(dá)30年來(lái)與艾滋病斗爭(zhēng)的發(fā)展過(guò)程,以期在梳理烏干達(dá)艾滋病防治的實(shí)踐中獲取有借鑒意義的啟示。本文正文共分為四章： 第一章主要論述非洲艾滋病肆虐的原因及烏干達(dá)艾滋病災(zāi)難的發(fā)展。貧困、動(dòng)蕩的政局、傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗及國(guó)際社會(huì)有限的幫助等都是助長(zhǎng)非洲艾滋病蔓延的原因。烏干達(dá)從當(dāng)初乏力的社會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)到穆塞韋尼政府積極的開(kāi)展艾滋病運(yùn)動(dòng),最終取得了抗擊艾滋病的豐碩成果。 第二章首先概述穆塞韋尼政府成立前烏干達(dá)社會(huì)對(duì)艾滋病的應(yīng)對(duì),然后主要論述穆塞韋尼政府成立后組織和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)烏干達(dá)艾滋病運(yùn)動(dòng)的狀況。政府積極的艾滋病防治政策和機(jī)構(gòu)調(diào)整、多部門(mén)防治策略及“ABC”策略的確立及實(shí)施、其努力營(yíng)造的良好防治氛圍等都彰顯了穆塞韋尼政府在這場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用,最后分析穆塞韋尼總統(tǒng)本人在這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)揮的作用。 第三章著重論述烏干達(dá)民眾和國(guó)內(nèi)外的非政府組織的艾滋病防治活動(dòng)。烏干達(dá)民眾積極參與同與艾滋病相關(guān)的污名與歧視的斗爭(zhēng)及大眾媒體運(yùn)動(dòng),是整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的主力軍；烏干達(dá)非政府組織及國(guó)際組織、團(tuán)體的貢獻(xiàn)更是功不可沒(méi),它們一系列的活動(dòng),有效的聯(lián)絡(luò)了政府與民眾,城鎮(zhèn)與鄉(xiāng)村,加深了地區(qū)間的溝通。 第四章是本文的結(jié)論部分,著重闡述烏干達(dá)艾滋病防治運(yùn)動(dòng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和影響。通過(guò)對(duì)全文的梳理和總結(jié),在烏干達(dá)的艾滋病防治運(yùn)動(dòng)中探索其成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn),找尋烏干達(dá)30年的艾滋病防治史中有益的啟示。 余論部分簡(jiǎn)要分析烏干達(dá)在不利條件下取得的防治成果,指出其仍面臨眾多的挑戰(zhàn)。在烏干達(dá)防治艾滋病運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外社會(huì)發(fā)展的影響中進(jìn)一步探求其防治實(shí)踐對(duì)其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)艾滋病防治的示范性及可改進(jìn)之處。
[Abstract]:In the more than 30 years since the discovery of AIDS, the world, especially Africa, has been deeply involved in the AIDS disaster. In 1982, Uganda saw its first case of AIDS. To become one of the African countries affected by AIDS earlier. After the establishment of the Museveni Government in 1986, it reacted quickly to it. A massive national campaign to combat AIDS has been launched in Uganda. With the joint efforts of all participants in Ugandan society, the prevalence rate of AIDS in Uganda has been steadily decreasing since early 90s, and has remained stable at around 6% since 21th century. It is not only the first in the world to reverse the increasing trend of the prevalence of AIDS, but also to make Uganda experience the largest decline in the prevalence of AIDS in the world, and has achieved remarkable results in the field of AIDS prevention and treatment. This paper attempts to explore the development process of Uganda's fight against AIDS in the past 30 years from three aspects: the Ugandan government, the people, and the NGOs at home and abroad. This paper is divided into four chapters:. The first chapter mainly discusses the causes of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and the development of the AIDS disaster in Uganda. Traditional customs and limited help from the international community are all factors contributing to the spread of AIDS in Africa. Uganda from a weak social response to the Museveni government actively launched the AIDS campaign, and finally achieved fruitful results in the fight against AIDS. The second chapter first outlines the response of Ugandan society to AIDS before the establishment of Museveni Government. Then it mainly discusses the situation of organizing and leading the AIDS campaign in Uganda after the establishment of Museveni government, the active policy and institutional adjustment of AIDS prevention and control, the establishment and implementation of multi-sector prevention and control strategy and "ABC" strategy. Its efforts to create a good climate of prevention and control have highlighted the leadership of the Museveni government in the struggle, and finally analyzed the role played by President Museveni himself in the campaign. The third chapter focuses on the HIV / AIDS prevention and control activities of the people of Uganda and non-governmental organizations at home and abroad. The active participation of the Ugandan people in the struggle against stigma and discrimination related to AIDS and the mass media movement is the main force of the whole movement; Uganda's NGOs and international organizations and groups have contributed to the success of a series of activities that have effectively linked the government and the population, towns and villages, and deepened regional communication. Chapter 4th is the conclusion of this paper, focusing on the experience and impact of Uganda AIDS campaign. Through combing and summarizing the full text, this paper explores its successful experience and lessons in the Uganda AIDS campaign. Looking for 30 years of history of AIDS prevention and treatment in Uganda beneficial enlightenment. The last part briefly analyzes the achievements of Uganda in the prevention and treatment under adverse conditions. It is pointed out that it still faces many challenges. In the influence of Uganda's anti-AIDS campaign on the social development at home and abroad, the demonstration and improvement of its prevention and treatment practice to other countries and regions are further explored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K27;R-09

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