本文選題：陳誠(chéng)　切入點(diǎn)：抗戰(zhàn)思想　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：陳誠(chéng)作為抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期國(guó)民黨的主要將領(lǐng)之一,其抗日思想經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)演變的過程。他作為一個(gè)出生于沒落地主家庭的孩子,從小就受到中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)“忠君愛國(guó)”思想的影響。后在保定軍官學(xué)校和黃埔軍校的學(xué)習(xí),促使其形成軍事戰(zhàn)略思想和愛國(guó)主義觀念。正因這些影響再加上對(duì)蔣介石知遇之恩的感激,使陳誠(chéng)的思想中又時(shí)常透露著忠蔣情結(jié)。陳誠(chéng)抗日思想呈現(xiàn)著愛國(guó)主義、堅(jiān)決抗戰(zhàn)和忠于蔣介石領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的特征。 九一八事變前后,陳誠(chéng)對(duì)日本侵略表達(dá)出強(qiáng)烈憤慨和準(zhǔn)備作戰(zhàn)的想法。他毫不留情地批評(píng)張學(xué)良不抵抗行為,指責(zé)他對(duì)東三省的丟失負(fù)有重大責(zé)任。同時(shí),他對(duì)徒具形式的國(guó)聯(lián)自始至終并未抱任何希望。他認(rèn)為抗戰(zhàn)必須圍繞在蔣介石領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的國(guó)民黨政權(quán)下進(jìn)行,反對(duì)蔣介石的政敵們以抗戰(zhàn)之名,行分裂之實(shí)。同時(shí)對(duì)于國(guó)民政府的腐敗無(wú)能,也是毫不留情地痛下針砭,多次向蔣介石進(jìn)言改革政治、軍事等方面的弊端。 陳誠(chéng)抗戰(zhàn)思想也體現(xiàn)四個(gè)層面：其一是“持久戰(zhàn)消耗戰(zhàn)”思想,認(rèn)為中國(guó)的應(yīng)戰(zhàn)對(duì)策便是要打破日本“速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q”的企圖,實(shí)行持久戰(zhàn),把日本拖入長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)年之久的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中,使其不得不分散兵力于中國(guó)各處,陷于中國(guó)廣袤的國(guó)土之中。為了貫徹“持久戰(zhàn)消耗戰(zhàn)”必須實(shí)行“全民的”、“全面的”抗戰(zhàn),唯有此才能彌補(bǔ)中國(guó)實(shí)力孱弱的不足,發(fā)揮“地廣人多”的優(yōu)勢(shì),這位陳誠(chéng)抗戰(zhàn)思想的另外兩個(gè)層面,將中國(guó)的抗戰(zhàn)置于“世界的反法西斯的抗戰(zhàn)”視野中,這是陳誠(chéng)抗戰(zhàn)思想的第四個(gè)層面。隨著國(guó)內(nèi)政治形勢(shì)的變化,尤其是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨力量壯大,陳誠(chéng)開始轉(zhuǎn)向保守,對(duì)國(guó)共合作、全面發(fā)動(dòng)群眾參加抗戰(zhàn)持保留態(tài)度。他既反對(duì)任何破壞抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的活動(dòng),對(duì)汪偽政權(quán)和其他叛變投敵活動(dòng)進(jìn)行堅(jiān)決斗爭(zhēng),但又對(duì)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨心懷戒心,恐其趁勢(shì)做大。 他主政湖北期間,將自己的抗戰(zhàn)思想付諸實(shí)踐。經(jīng)濟(jì)改革上提出“增加生產(chǎn)”、“征購(gòu)實(shí)物”、“物物交換”、“憑證分配”的民生主義經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,以糧食增產(chǎn)為目的進(jìn)行土地改革,實(shí)行以保證軍民供應(yīng)為目的統(tǒng)制經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。教育上積極發(fā)展公費(fèi)教育,為“抗戰(zhàn)建國(guó)”保存大量后備人才。這些措施得到湖北各界稱贊,無(wú)可否認(rèn)的是,對(duì)蔣介石的遵從和對(duì)共產(chǎn)黨的敵意,也使得其政策體現(xiàn)出對(duì)共產(chǎn)黨的種種防范。
[Abstract]:As one of the main generals of the Kuomintang during the War of Resistance against Japan, Chen Cheng's anti-Japanese thought went through an evolutionary process. He was influenced by the Chinese tradition of "loyal monarch patriotism" from an early age. Later, he studied at the Baoding military Academy and the Huangpu military Academy. As a result of these influences and thanks to the gratitude for Jiang Jieshi, Chen Cheng's thoughts on loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek are often revealed in his mind. Chen Cheng's anti-Japanese ideology is patriotic. Resolute resistance and loyalty to Jiang Jieshi's leadership. Before and after the 918 incident, Chen Cheng expressed his strong indignation at the Japanese aggression and his intention to prepare for war. He mercilessly criticized Zhang Xueliang for not resisting, accusing him of being heavily responsible for the loss of the three eastern provinces. At the same time, He had no hope of a formalized League of Nations. He believed that the war of resistance must be carried out under the Kuomintang regime led by Jiang Jieshi, and that political opponents who were opposed to Jiang Jieshi used the name of the War of Resistance against Japan. At the same time, to the corruption and incompetence of the national government, it is also a ruthless criticism, repeatedly to Jiang Jieshi to reform the political, military and other shortcomings. Chen Cheng's thought of the War of Resistance also embodies four levels: first, the idea of "protracted war and attrition war," which holds that China's countermeasures are to break Japan's attempt to "make quick decisions", to carry out protracted war, and to drag Japan into a war that has lasted for several years. In order to carry out the "protracted war of attrition", it must carry out a "nationwide" and "all-out" war of resistance, and only in this way can it make up for the weakness of China's weak strength. Giving full play to the advantage of "vast land and a large population," Chen Cheng put China's anti-Japanese war in the perspective of "the world's anti-fascist war of resistance" at the other two levels of his thought on the War of Resistance against Japan. This is the fourth level of Chen Cheng's thought of the War of Resistance against Japan. With the changes in the domestic political situation, especially the strength of the Communist Party of China, Chen Cheng began to turn to conservatism and cooperation with the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. He was opposed to any activities to undermine the anti-Japanese national United front and resolutely fought against the puppet regime of Wang and other activities of defection to the enemy, but he was wary of the Communist Party of China and feared that it would take advantage of the situation. During his administration in Hubei, he put his anti-Japanese thought into practice. In economic reform, he put forward the economic policy of "increasing production", "requisition and purchase of goods", "barter", "voucher distribution", and carried out land reform for the purpose of increasing grain production. The purpose of controlling the economic policy is to ensure the supply of the army and the civilian population. In education, we should actively develop public education and preserve a large number of reserve personnel for the "War of Resistance against Japan and the people's Republic of China." these measures have been praised by all walks of life in Hubei, and it is undeniable that, Compliance with Jiang Jieshi and hostility to the Communist Party also make its policy reflect various precautions against the Communist Party.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K265;D092

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