發(fā)布時間：2018-03-17 06:00

  本文選題：戰(zhàn)爭　切入點：國家　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2011年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自近代以來,婦女解放總是在國家、民族的語境下闡釋。1937年日本侵華戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,每一位中國婦女在掙脫傳統(tǒng)束縛、追求自由平等的同時,需要肩負起救亡圖存的民族重任。戰(zhàn)爭導(dǎo)致了人力、物力的極度匱乏,國民政府發(fā)出抗戰(zhàn)救國的口號,廣大婦女成為各種社會力量急需動員的對象。宋美齡身為“國家第一夫人”在婦女動員的過程中附有特殊的影響力,她既可以讓婦女動員工作取得極為難得的政治資源,又可以盡可能地消除來自基層社會和民眾的抵制和冷漠。為快速、有效地動員婦女投身抗戰(zhàn)救援事業(yè),社會各界婦女紛紛表達了由宋美齡領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國婦女動員工作的希望。本文通過考察抗戰(zhàn)時期宋美齡的婦女動員工作,研究了宋美齡婦女動員的思想基礎(chǔ)、組織能力及實踐能力,并闡述了宋美齡對戰(zhàn)時婦女解放問題的思考及其歷史貢獻。 戰(zhàn)時婦女動員中,宋美齡通過輿論宣傳、慰勞前線、保育兒童、發(fā)展生產(chǎn)、訓(xùn)練婦女等工作,以實際行動做出表率,在抵抗日本侵略的過程中成功扮演了全國婦女領(lǐng)袖的角色,促成了全國婦女力量的聯(lián)合與團結(jié)。作為國家政權(quán)的女性代表,她的動員工作在一定程度上喚醒了部分女性的解放意識,通過培訓(xùn)婦女干部、建立婦女動員組織、擴展婦女社會事業(yè),為中國培養(yǎng)了一批女性革命力量,同時緩解了婦女們因戰(zhàn)前開展新生活運動而對國民政府引發(fā)的不滿,在一定程度上幫助執(zhí)政黨實現(xiàn)了控制婦女運動的愿望,便于國民政府把婦女運動納入到戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)治軌道中。 宋美齡領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的婦女動員工作將婦女的活動與國家、民族的需要聯(lián)系起來,運用全國性的婦女組織動員和塑造女性。她強調(diào)女性的社會權(quán)利、地位與作用,強調(diào)女性應(yīng)該參與社會活動,要求婦女在戰(zhàn)時承擔(dān)拯救國家民族的重任,主張讓婦女在抗戰(zhàn)救援工作中實現(xiàn)自身的價值；但另一方面,她卻強化了婦女在家庭及社會中的從屬地位,回避、淡化婦女的政治訴求,在婦女與國家之間僅僅構(gòu)建了單向的責(zé)任和義務(wù),其實質(zhì)不是追求真正的婦女解放。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, women's liberation has always been explained in the context of the state and nation. After the Japanese War of aggression against China broke out in 1937, every Chinese woman broke away from the traditional shackles and pursued freedom and equality at the same time. The war led to a severe shortage of manpower and material resources, and the National Government issued the slogan of fighting against Japan and saving the nation. As the "first lady of the country", Song Mei-ling has a special influence in the process of women's mobilization, and she can not only give women mobilization work to obtain extremely rare political resources, In addition, as far as possible, resistance and indifference from grass-roots society and the public can be eliminated. In order to mobilize women quickly and effectively to join the cause of resistance and rescue, Women from all walks of life have expressed the hope that Song Mei-ling will lead the mobilization work of women throughout the country. By investigating the mobilization of women in Song Mei-ling during the War of Resistance against Japan, this paper studies the ideological basis, organizational ability and practical ability of the mobilization of women in Song Meiling. And elaborated Song Meiling to the wartime woman liberation question ponder and the historical contribution. In the mobilization of women during the war, Song Mei-ling set an example through public opinion propaganda, comfort the front line, child care, development of production, training of women, and so on. Successfully played the role of national women leader in the process of resisting the Japanese aggression, and contributed to the unity and unity of the national women's forces. To a certain extent, her mobilization work awakened the emancipation consciousness of some women. Through training women cadres, setting up women's mobilization organizations, expanding women's social undertakings, she cultivated a number of women's revolutionary forces for China. At the same time, it alleviates the dissatisfaction of women with the national government because of the new life movement before the war, and to a certain extent helps the ruling party to realize the desire of controlling the women's movement, which is convenient for the national government to bring the women's movement into the track of wartime rule. Song Mei-ling 's work on women's mobilization links women's activities to the needs of the country and the nation, and uses national women's organizations to mobilize and shape women. She emphasizes women's social rights, status, and role. Emphasizing that women should participate in social activities, asking women to shoulder the responsibility of saving the nation in wartime, and advocating that women should realize their own value in the relief work of the War of Resistance against Japan; but on the other hand, However, she strengthened the subordinate position of women in the family and society, shunned and desalinated women's political demands, and constructed only one-way responsibilities and obligations between women and the state, the essence of which was not to pursue the real emancipation of women.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K265.9

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