本文選題：抗戰(zhàn)時期　切入點：人口遷移　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：二十世紀三四十年代，日本發(fā)動的侵華戰(zhàn)爭給中華民族帶來了深重的災(zāi)難。由于戰(zhàn)禍，加上自然災(zāi)害的破壞，，導(dǎo)致了大規(guī)模的人口遷移。山東地區(qū)由于戰(zhàn)前人口密度大，加上淪陷時間早，持續(xù)時間長，其人口遷移更具有代表性和典型性。 山東作為日本占領(lǐng)較早的區(qū)域，為躲避日軍的燒殺淫擄，大批難民自發(fā)性地舉家遷移。山東難民的自發(fā)遷移因受戰(zhàn)局演變的影響又呈現(xiàn)出時段性，即主要發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)火紛飛時期以及日軍進行頻繁“掃蕩”和治安強化運動期間。由于沒有專門的組織，其遷移流向和地域分布都較為廣泛。在省內(nèi)主要是隨著戰(zhàn)爭的進程而在臨近的市縣以及城鄉(xiāng)之間相互躲避，這樣就使一些大城市，如濟南、青島等人口變動特別劇烈。除省內(nèi)各縣市互避外，遷往省外者也不少，其中遷往東北的人數(shù)最多，其次是遷往西南、西北大后方者，另有部分難民流落南方各省。 抗戰(zhàn)時期，山東又是日偽勞工的主要供應(yīng)地之一，因此以勞工為主體的強制遷移的人數(shù)也相當(dāng)驚人。日偽通過騙招、抓捕、強征以及使用“特殊工人”等手段大量擄掠山東勞工。被掠勞工的去向，也隨著日本所謂“產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)計劃”的調(diào)整而變化。戰(zhàn)爭初期，基于日本對滿洲國的“開發(fā)建設(shè)”，勞工主要是被掠往東北地區(qū)；1939年初日本在蒙疆實施了“產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)三年計劃”，大批廉價的強制勞工被運往蒙疆地區(qū)；后來，隨著日本戰(zhàn)時經(jīng)濟的需要，日本政府和大企業(yè)又把大量山東勞工運到日本充當(dāng)苦工。 由于抗戰(zhàn)時期山東地區(qū)的人口遷移數(shù)目巨大，其所帶來的影響也是不可低估的。首先，人口遷移極大地提高了民眾的民族和國家意識；其次，在一定程度上削弱了日軍的侵略勢力，支援了抗日戰(zhàn)爭；第三，推動了遷入地經(jīng)濟的開發(fā)。同時，人口遷移也帶來了一些消極的影響和社會問題：導(dǎo)致了許多“無人區(qū)”的出現(xiàn)，影響了各地的正常生產(chǎn)，加重了民眾的負擔(dān)，使人民生活更加困苦，加劇了疾病的流行等。
[Abstract]:In 20th century, the war of aggression against China launched by Japan brought a serious disaster to the Chinese nation. As a result of the war disaster and the destruction of natural disasters, it led to large-scale population migration. The Shandong region had a high population density before the war. In addition, its population migration is more representative and typical due to its early fall and long duration. As an early area occupied by Japan, in order to avoid the Japanese army's burning and killing, a large number of refugees moved spontaneously from their families. The spontaneous migration of Shandong refugees was affected by the evolution of the war situation. That is, mainly during the period of the war and the frequent "sweep" and intensified public security campaigns carried out by the Japanese army. Since there is no specialized organization, Its migration direction and geographical distribution are relatively wide. In the province, mainly along with the course of the war, they shun each other in neighboring cities and counties as well as between urban and rural areas, thus causing some big cities, such as Jinan, to avoid each other. In addition to the cities and counties within the province to avoid each other, there are many who moved to the northeast, followed by the move to the southwest, northwest rear areas, and some refugees to the southern provinces. During the War of Resistance against Japan, Shandong was also one of the main suppliers of Japanese and bogus labor, so the number of forced migrations with labor as the main body was quite striking. Forced conscription and the use of "special workers" and other means of mass abduction of Shandong workers. The fate of the abducted workers also changed with the adjustment of Japan's so-called "industrial development plan." at the beginning of the war, Based on Japan's "development and construction" of Manchukuo, the labor force was mainly plundered to the northeast region. In early 1939, Japan carried out a "three-year industrial development plan" in Mongolia. A large number of cheap and compulsory workers were shipped to the Mongolian region; later, With the need of Japan's wartime economy, the Japanese government and large enterprises sent a large number of Shandong workers to Japan to work as drudgery. Because of the huge population migration in Shandong during the War of Resistance against Japan, its impact should not be underestimated. Firstly, the population migration greatly enhanced the national and national consciousness of the people; second, the population migration greatly improved the national and national consciousness of the people. To a certain extent, it weakened the invading forces of the Japanese army and supported the War of Resistance against Japan. Third, it promoted the development of the economy of the resettlement areas. At the same time, Population migration has also brought some negative effects and social problems: it has led to the emergence of many "no-man 's areas", affected the normal production in various places, increased the burden of the people, made people's lives more difficult, and increased the prevalence of diseases, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：C924.2;K265

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