本文選題：南京國民政府　切入點(diǎn)：湖北省　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：孫中山創(chuàng)立三民主義、五權(quán)憲法,并把革命步驟分為軍政、訓(xùn)政、憲政三個階段,以訓(xùn)政作為過渡,承上啟下,可說是革命程序的重點(diǎn)和軸心所系。蔣介石向來以繼承孫中山的衣缽自命,特別重視訓(xùn)練部屬。前后有黃埔訓(xùn)練、廬山訓(xùn)練、珞珈山訓(xùn)練、峨嵋山訓(xùn)練及復(fù)興關(guān)訓(xùn)練(即中央訓(xùn)練團(tuán))。在加強(qiáng)中央干部訓(xùn)練的同時(shí),從1939年開始,各省也開始了大規(guī)模的基層干部訓(xùn)練工作。干部訓(xùn)練成為國民黨加強(qiáng)黨治和基層政權(quán)建設(shè)的重要路徑。 本文系以湖北省干部訓(xùn)練工作為研究的主體,時(shí)間斷限以1939年湖北省干訓(xùn)團(tuán)于戰(zhàn)時(shí)省會恩施正式成立的時(shí)間為起點(diǎn),至1949年停辦為止。 國民黨的干部訓(xùn)練萌芽于興中會時(shí)期。20世紀(jì)20年代在“以俄為師”的背景下,開啟了干部訓(xùn)練的新時(shí)期,建立了黃埔軍校等干部訓(xùn)練機(jī)構(gòu)。30年代后期,在抗日戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)和新縣制實(shí)施的背景下,南京國民政府為了加強(qiáng)國統(tǒng)區(qū)地方政權(quán)建設(shè),改變干部素質(zhì)窳敗的問題,開始了省一級的大規(guī)模的干部訓(xùn)練工作。 湖北省于1939年成立干訓(xùn)團(tuán),其上承國民黨中央訓(xùn)練委員會和國民政府內(nèi)政部指導(dǎo),分為省、區(qū)、縣三級訓(xùn)練,在訓(xùn)練機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)部,實(shí)施嚴(yán)格的人事管理,但實(shí)際上施訓(xùn)者的群體表現(xiàn)并不理想。受訓(xùn)學(xué)員幾乎涵蓋了除民眾以外所有的人員,其中以縣和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)保甲各級干部為主體,至40年代末,受訓(xùn)學(xué)員并且擴(kuò)大至行政督察區(qū)專員。招調(diào)學(xué)員有一定的程序,學(xué)員入學(xué)后進(jìn)行編組,以便更好的施訓(xùn)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),學(xué)員的背景堪憂,出身不一,年齡互異,影響訓(xùn)練的實(shí)施。 湖北省干部訓(xùn)練的內(nèi)容主要分為三個方面：專業(yè)素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng),以與新縣制相關(guān)的各種專業(yè)知識為主；精神及政治教育,這是訓(xùn)練的核心內(nèi)容,以孫中山的三民主義、國民黨的建國理論為主,后則又加上蔣介石的講話和理論；軍事訓(xùn)練與管理,軍事訓(xùn)練是干部培訓(xùn)的重要方面,體現(xiàn)出干部培訓(xùn)中“軍事化”的特點(diǎn)�？偟膩碚f,干部訓(xùn)練的核心是塑造“德才兼?zhèn)洹钡狞h國干部。 湖北干部訓(xùn)練還包括訓(xùn)后管理與監(jiān)督。學(xué)員畢業(yè)后,調(diào)訓(xùn)人員回到原職,但有可能被解職；考訓(xùn)人員畢業(yè)后,由于接收機(jī)關(guān)的消極應(yīng)付,面臨失業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。正由于當(dāng)時(shí)人事制度的不彰,也使訓(xùn)練工作的效果受到不良影響。施訓(xùn)機(jī)關(guān)和湖北省政府人事處注重畢業(yè)學(xué)員的聯(lián)絡(luò)事宜,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)員與省政府人事處的通訊工作,這也是當(dāng)局了解地方政情的重要渠道。 湖北省干部訓(xùn)練的財(cái)源緊張,尤其是縣級訓(xùn)練機(jī)關(guān)財(cái)源難以維持,甚至靠學(xué)員“公糧”度日。而且訓(xùn)練機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)部腐敗不堪,嚴(yán)重侵蝕了訓(xùn)練工作的觀感和運(yùn)作。雖然國民黨中央十分重視各省干部培訓(xùn),雖然湖北省也制訂了相關(guān)規(guī)章制度,但總體來看,訓(xùn)練的成效不佳,并沒有達(dá)到國民黨及政府預(yù)定的目標(biāo),而且在訓(xùn)練過程中及訓(xùn)后,形成了錯綜復(fù)雜的派系。除內(nèi)部原因外,當(dāng)時(shí)的軍事情勢、經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰和腐惡的社會環(huán)境等,都影響到訓(xùn)練的成效,使訓(xùn)練難以為繼,效果不彰。 南京國民政府時(shí)期的干部訓(xùn)練,是加強(qiáng)黨國體制的需要,同時(shí)也是國家政權(quán)下移的產(chǎn)物。新縣制的實(shí)施鞏固了縣級機(jī)關(guān)的科層化,開啟了鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)體制的正規(guī)化、官僚化,及保甲體制的半正規(guī)化、半官僚化,這種正規(guī)化和官僚化是傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代交織的結(jié)果。體制改革需要人事的補(bǔ)充,因此,干部訓(xùn)練正是為了是塑造新的黨國干部,以支持政權(quán)建設(shè)。由于國民黨政權(quán)的脆弱性,干部訓(xùn)練的過程中,現(xiàn)代化、黨國化、軍事化相互糾結(jié),使其沒有達(dá)到預(yù)想的效果。以史為鑒,可以知得失,國民黨的干部訓(xùn)練對今天的干部培訓(xùn)具有重大的啟示意義。
[Abstract]:Sun Zhongshan founded the three people's principles, the five power constitution and the revolution steps into the military, political tutelage, constitutionalism in three stages, with the political tutelage as a transition, it is the key link, and the axis of revolution program department. Jiang Jieshi has always been to inherit the mantle of Sun Zhongshan himself, special attention to training subordinates. Before and after training in Whampoa, Mount Lu Luojiashan training, training, training and training off the revival of Emei Mountain (Central Training Corps). To strengthen the training of cadres at the same time, from the beginning of 1939, the provinces also began a large-scale grass-roots cadres training cadres training work. As the important path and strengthen the party construction of the local government.
Taking Hubei province cadre training work as the research subject, time limit in 1939 Hubei province cadre training regiment in wartime capital of Enshi was formally established in the time as a starting point, and ceased in 1949.
The cadre training originated in the early period of.20 century in 20s in Russia under the background of opening a new era of cadres training, the establishment of the Whampoa military academy and other institutions for training cadres in the late.30, during the Anti Japanese war broke out and Xinxian County was implemented in the context of the Nanjing National government in order to strengthen the construction of the local government. Change the quality of cadres covers problems, to the provincial level large-scale cadre training work.
The cadre training group was founded in 1939 in Hubei Province, the KMT Central Committee on the national government and the Ministry of the interior training guide, divided into provinces, District, county level three training, training in internal organs, the implementation of personnel management strictly, but in fact after the group performance is not ideal. The trainees covers almost all the people in staff, with the county and township cadres at all levels of Bao Jia system as the main body, to the end of 40s, the trainees and extended to the chief inspector of the district commissioner. The students have some adjustment program, students enrolled in grouping, in order to better training. The study found that worrying background students, birth and age are different, the effects of training the implementation.
Hubei province cadre training content is mainly divided into three aspects: the cultivation of professional quality, to Xinxian County and various related professional knowledge; mental and political education, which is the core content of the training, to Sun Zhongshan's principles, mainly after the founding of the theory of the Kuomintang, coupled with Jiang Jieshi's speech and theory; military training and management, military training is an important aspect of the training of cadres, cadres training reflects the characteristics of "Military". In general, the core of the cadre training is to create "the party's cadres have both ability and political integrity".
Hubei also includes the management and supervision of cadres training. After training the students after graduation, training personnel back to the office, but may be dismissed; examination and training personnel after graduation, due to receiving authority to cope with the negative, face the risk of unemployment. Because at that time the personnel system will also make the training work adversely affected by the results. After authorities and the Hubei provincial government personnel on Cadets' liaison, stressed that the personnel department and the provincial government student communication, which is an important channel for local authorities to understand the political situation.
Hubei province cadre training resources nervous, especially at the county level training organ resources difficult to maintain, or even by the students "public" to survive. But corruption within the training agency unbearable, seriously eroded the training work of perception and operation. Although the KMT Central Committee attaches great importance to the training of cadres, although Hubei Province has formulated the relevant rules and regulations, but the overall view, training effectiveness, and did not reach the predetermined target and the Kuomintang government, and in the process of training and training, the formation of perplexing factions. In addition to the internal reasons, the military situation at that time, economic collapse and social depravity environment, affect the results of the training, the training effect is difficult to continue. Not clear.
During the period of Nanjing national government cadres training, is to strengthen the party state system, is also the product of state power down. The implementation of the Xinxian County system to consolidate the bureaucratic organs at the county level of the township system open formal, bureaucratic, and the Bao Jia system semi formal, semi formal and bureaucratic, the bureaucratic is the traditional and modern combination of the system reform of personnel. Therefore, the training of cadres is to create a new country Party cadres, to support the regime construction. Due to the vulnerability of the Kuomintang regime, the modernization process of the cadre training in party, country, military intertwined, so no to achieve the desired effect. History can know the pros and cons, the training of cadres is of great significance for today's training of cadres.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D262.3;K26

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 夏國祥;孫中山人力資本思想初探[J];財(cái)經(jīng)問題研究;1998年10期

2 駱正林;;近代中國鄉(xiāng)村政治文化的變遷——國家政權(quán)建設(shè)與鄉(xiāng)村傳統(tǒng)權(quán)威的衰落[J];重慶師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2008年02期

3 張泉;抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的恩施[J];湖北文史資料;2001年01期

4 化貫軍;;理想與實(shí)際:抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期國民黨基層干部的素質(zhì)培育[J];民國檔案;2011年02期

5 黃宗華;;論陳誠的干部教育實(shí)踐與理念[J];甘肅聯(lián)合大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版);2009年06期

6 苗長青;試論培訓(xùn)干部與解放戰(zhàn)爭的勝利[J];長白學(xué)刊;1988年05期

7 李巨瀾;試論民國時(shí)期新鄉(xiāng)紳階層的形成及其影響[J];華東師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2003年04期

，

本文編號：1611170